[NatureNS] Why save the Red Knot?

From: "Elizabeth Doull" <edoull@ns.sympatico.ca>
To: <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>
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Date: Sun, 10 Feb 2008 12:11:47 -0400
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Why save the Red Knot?=20
PBS

flocks of shorebirds, the red knot is fairly average looking. In fact, =
only the most practiced bird watchers may be able to distinguish this =
medium-sized, plump peep from the thousands of other shorebirds playing =
tag with the waves. Yet, somehow the red knot has caught the attention =
of people around the world.

The knot's dependence on the eggs of the heavily harvested horseshoe =
crab has placed it at odds with another species -- humans. Conservation =
groups, lawmakers, fishermen, scientists, and ordinary citizens have all =
entered the debate. But even as our actions have imperiled the red knot, =
we can also preserve the species, by regulating the fishing industry and =
keeping clear of the beaches that the knots rely on during migration. =
Where nature ranks in our system of values will dictate how far we are =
willing to go to protect the red knot.

There are millions of shorebirds in the world. Why all the clamor over =
the red knot? How could this small bird stir up so much controversy and =
inspire such extraordinary efforts on its behalf? To begin to answer =
these difficult questions we must first become familiar with the red =
knot.

The red knot may blend in with the other small shorebirds, but it makes =
a journey that certainly sets it apart. A master of long-distance =
aviation, the red knot makes one of the longest migratory trips of any =
bird -- 9,300 miles along the Atlantic flyway from its wintering grounds =
in southern South America to its high Arctic breeding grounds. The =
journey is so exhausting, it requires two to three stopovers for =
refueling. The horseshoe crab egg feast they will consume at Delaware =
Bay, is not just an indulgence -- it's absolutely crucial for the birds' =
survival. When the knots arrive at Delaware Bay, their bodies are half =
their starting weight, devoid of fat and even some muscle. Here, the red =
knot will take about two weeks to double its weight so it can continue =
its migration.=20

The migratory trip is far from the only risk the peeps take in their =
lives. The life of the red knot is fraught with challenges. In their =
wintering grounds of Tierra del Fuego, blinding gales blow up without =
warning, and tides surge 25 and 35 feet every 12 hours. The challenges =
facing the knots are even greater on the Arctic nesting grounds, where a =
declining population of birds makes it more difficult to find a mate and =
even if they do, a snowstorm can wipe out the knots' eggs. If the birds =
don't consume enough eggs during their migratory stopover, they may not =
have enough fuel to complete their trip, and those undernourished knots =
that do make it to the Arctic will arrive weak and emaciated. Add the =
fierce and unpredictable Arctic weather into the mix, and the birds are =
likely to be in such a state that it is nearly impossible for them to =
raise chicks.=20

Researchers tag red knots in 'Crash: A Tale of Two Species.'Nature, it =
seems, has really stacked the deck against this creature. During its =
migration, the red knot concentrates in huge, densely-packed flocks. =
These enormous gatherings make the knots vulnerable to habitat =
destruction and, in South America, hunting pressure. Sadly, it is not =
just their eating preferences but their social patterns that put them at =
odds with human activities.

All of these hardships have given rise to dire statistics. The red knot =
is a creature in peril. The U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan lists the =
red knot as a "Species of High Concern," based on declining population =
trends and threats on non-breeding grounds. In the last 20 years red =
knots have declined from over 100,000 to less than 15,000. And in 2006, =
the knot was named a candidate for Endangered Species Act protection as =
an emergency measure to slow the rapid fall of its population. In the =
Delaware Bay, the knot has suffered a decline so severe that some =
experts predict the population stopping over at the bay could disappear =
within five years.=20

Studies conducted outside of the U.S. do not paint a brighter picture. =
Counts of knot populations wintering in South America dropped over 50% =
from the mid-1980s to 2003. Researchers have suggested that the =
continued hunting of knots in South America might be partly to blame.

The red knot is one of the world's most amazing birds. But if that is =
not sufficient motivation for us to save it, there are other incentives. =
Chincoteague, Virginia, a popular stop-over for the red knot, finds that =
what is good for migratory shorebirds is also good for Virginia =
business. A recent tourism survey found that birders and ecotourists =
were bringing in significant amounts of resources to the local economy. =
And one economic study in South Jersey found that the shorebird-watching =
industry generated nearly $36 million dollars in revenue for the area.

Sadly, the issue raised in "Crash: A Tale of Two Species" over the =
increased harvest of horseshoe crabs remains contentious today. Whether =
the red knot will be able to continue to use Delaware Bay as a major =
migratory staging area in the future is still up in the air -- as is the =
fate of the knot.=20

For more information on red knot conservation efforts, visit =
http://shorebirdproject.blogspot.com/, where Larry Niles (featured in =
"Crash: A Tale of Two Species") and an international team of scientists =
blog about the most recent news on the red knot.
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<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>Why save the Red Knot? <BR>PBS</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>flocks of shorebirds, the red knot is fairly =
average=20
looking. In fact, only the most practiced bird watchers may be able to=20
distinguish this medium-sized, plump peep from the thousands of other =
shorebirds=20
playing tag with the waves. Yet, somehow the red knot has caught the =
attention=20
of people around the world.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>The knot's dependence on the eggs of the heavily =
harvested=20
horseshoe crab has placed it at odds with another species -- humans.=20
Conservation groups, lawmakers, fishermen, scientists, and ordinary =
citizens=20
have all entered the debate. But even as our actions have imperiled the =
red=20
knot, we can also preserve the species, by regulating the fishing =
industry and=20
keeping clear of the beaches that the knots rely on during migr