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Index of Subjects This is a multipart message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0036_01D4DCB4.54982C70 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Maybe the bee population will get recharged from the warmer southwest. = I am hoping that the cold snaps we have had down in the banana belt did = a number on black-legged ticks and hemlock woolly adelgids, but am not = optimistic. =20 We=E2=80=99ll have to wait and see=E2=80=A6 =20 From: naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca = [mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] On Behalf Of David Sent: March 17, 2019 8:34 AM To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca Subject: [NatureNS] Frozen soil, =20 Dear All, This winter stands out with respect to deep and prolonged frozen = soil; worse than 2017-18. The deep frost penetration of winter of = 2017-18 wiped out almost all of the wild bees in the Kentville area = which overwinter in soil. This winter will finish the job. Weather = records do not tell the entire story because, so far as I am aware, = depth of frost penetration is not routinely measured. The house lot and land upslope is underlain by relatively = impermeable soil so one must contend with both surface runoff and = underground seepage and for this purpose I have installed a network of = underground land tile to supplement a town owned fully enclosed 6" = concrete pipe and handle sump pump water and roof gutters. Until this = winter, water has flowed from both outlets without interruption. This = winter it gradually slowed and stopped in late Feb. when the outlets = became fully plugged with ice.=20 The town drain started to flow again on Friday and the driveway = outlet of my private drain resumed flow late afternoon Saturday Mar. 16. = One the subject of biological diversity, I suspect that extreme = events like these last two winters must tend to shorten the list.=20 YT. 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