next message in archive
no next message in thread
previous message in archive
previous message in thread
Index of Subjects
Made eminent sense in an a --001a1143abf649dc13052b5650f9 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable We need a trip to the Herbert floodplain to see Canada lily sanicula Carex tuckermanni wild coffee and the cohosh and yellow violets. This area is extensive and outstanding and is a floodplain that never was farmed unlike its neighbour the Meander. Nick On Feb 8, 2016 10:21 PM, "Donna Crossland" <dcrossland@eastlink.ca> wrote: > Very interesting discussions. Almost no one mentioned the favourable ide= a > of buying an entire vehicle from two trees rather than a pizza. I suppos= e > it was a favourable thought to all. > > > > The more thought-provoking discussion re: flood plains and wind throw- > some quick thoughts before bed: > > Red maple flood plains!! There=E2=80=99s a beautiful example at Jake= =E2=80=99s Landing, > Keji. Many such areas were =E2=80=98hayed=E2=80=99. > > > > It is well known that riparian zones were the first to be logged for ton > (square timber) and later saw logs. Ton timber consisted largely of whi= te > pine, but also a surprising amount of large, straight yellow birch (calle= d > black birch back then due to its advanced age and exterior > characteristics). Riparian zones also were the first areas to be strippe= d > of trees for agricultural lands. Rivers were the highways... Of cours= e > flood plains were converted to agriculture. People tilled the richest > soils first. (Ask the Acadians. There were numerous families along the > Annapolis and elsewhere.) Trying to feed a family on the harvests from > poor soils (from conifer stands or poor geology) would have been very ris= ky > in the 1700-1800s, with no welfare and no Superstore nearby. > > > > I=E2=80=99ve just spent a good deal of energy trying to encourage some tr= ees to > re-grow along my tiny piece of land on the Annapolis River, long ago > stripped of trees and the soils tilled for agriculture. Unfortunately, t= he > grass now makes it nearly impossible for trees to re-establish and banks > are now slumping into the river at alarming speed, brought on partly due = to > the instability of early tree removal. I just watched the slow death of = a > tall, remaining elm on the banks last summer. Most of the elm have alrea= dy > fallen into the river. Very sad. > > > > Species of tree roots are not all the same. Shallow roots of spruce and > balsam fir are not very valuable as nutrient pumps (and blow over very > easily), but hardwoods and the tap roots of pine are another story. I kn= ew > a friend who planted ginseng under sugar maple. At night the great sugar > maples pumped water (and nutrients) from down deep to the surface. The > ginseng flourished. > > > > Flood plains can receive soil enrichment from both sediments during > flooding and from deep rooted trees that may line riparian communities > where conditions are right. Too much water=3D grasses, sedges, maybe > ericaceous, okay,... but periodic flooding is just fine for some trees. > > > > I suppose I=E2=80=99ll never get to see blue cohosh, but I=E2=80=99d like= to. We lost our > richest hardwoods so long ago, it is difficult to imagine what the > Annapolis Valley must have been like. A botanist=E2=80=99s dream. > > > > *From:* naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca [mailto: > naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] *On Behalf Of *Nicholas Hill > *Sent:* February-08-16 7:42 PM > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a > car with the same two trees? > > > > as you will > > > > > > > > > > On Mon, Feb 8, 2016 at 5:06 PM, David & Alison Webster <dwebster@glinx.co= m> > wrote: > > Nick, > > I am not aware of any ot these places being wooded then and > subsequently converted to agriculture. I do recall collecting in hardwood= s > on Salmon ancient floodplains, well above 50s flood levels, soon to be > stripped for gravel; not agriculture. > > Meadows which frequently flood in summer and are nearly always > flooded over winter don't support trees. > > DW > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > *From:* Nicholas Hill <fernhillns@gmail.com> > > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > > *Sent:* Monday, February 08, 2016 3:47 PM > > *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a > car with the same two trees? > > > > you guys back in the EC Smith days covered the province... > > Oxford's R Phillip, Meander, Kennetcook, Gaspereau > > Salmon...we can go on and we should > > > > Wherever it was fertile > > > > > > > > On Mon, Feb 8, 2016 at 3:25 PM, David & Alison Webster <dwebster@glinx.co= m> > wrote: > > Hi Nick, > > Where were floodplains converted to agriculture in NS ? A smattering > in NB but none is NS that I am aware of. Some Salmon River floodplains we= re > mined for gravel when the 100 series highways were built near there and I > think some floodplains near Oxford were mined. > > Floodplains are enriched by the silt deposited by floodwaters each > year; e.g. Nile, Tigrus not by trees which may take advantage of the > enriched soil. > > Yt, DW > > ----- Original Message ----- > > *From:* Nicholas Hill <fernhillns@gmail.com> > > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > > *Sent:* Monday, February 08, 2016 2:53 PM > > *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a > car with the same two trees? > > > > Hey John > > yes tree roots are purported to be amazing N and P pumps and can take up > nutrients before they reach waterways..90% range according to Maltby who > was working on big rivers of Europe. > > when you lose trees you lose these pumps and go to lower functional state= s > and herbaceous plants arent a lick on trees. > > > > The tree was an engineer of floodplains in big ways and we lost a lot of > that when we converted floodplain for agriculture. This floodplain forest > is what supports a good group of the Appalachian Deciduous Forest > species..bloodroot, blue cohosh Canada violet (?) wild coffee, Canada Lil= y, > wild garlic, yellow violets, toothwort, Solomon's plume..and this is the > habitat we need right now to let us preserve the diversity that is > expanding northward and may be eliminated from Kentucky in time. I'm > looking forward to being able to eat pawpaws, crush spicebush leaves and > swing on forest grape vines in my nineties in Nova Scotia but first we ne= ed > to secure and restore floodplain habitat. > > > > must be midwinter > > > > > > On Mon, Feb 8, 2016 at 2:05 PM, David & Alison Webster <dwebster@glinx.co= m> > wrote: > > Hi John & All, > > Any deep-rooted plant will move nutrients to the surface if that is > what you mean. Grasses are in general better than trees because their fin= e > roots can penetrate the pores of rigid soils not accessible to tree roots= . > This is why Agropyron repens (Couch) is such a vigorous weed. And why the > fertility of Prairie soil is immense. > > Yt, DW > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > *From:* John and Nhung <nhungjohn@eastlink.ca> > > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > > *Sent:* Monday, February 08, 2016 12:06 PM > > *Subject:* RE: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a > car with the same two trees? > > > > When I was a CUSO volunteer in Northeast Thailand, thirty-odd years ago, > our country Director (a soil scientist by training) called trees =E2=80= =9Cnutrient > pumps.=E2=80=9D > > > > Made eminent sense in an area with terrible soils, with minimal organic > content. > > > > *From:* naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca [mailto: > naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] *On Behalf Of *Nicholas Hill > *Sent:* February 8, 2016 11:44 AM > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a > car with the same two trees? > > > > Trees have been called environmental engineers as they make habitat and > set up the food web. We are very lucky to have neighbours that let us wal= k > and bring kids through their woods that are in good condition with large > mature trees of pines and hemlock. We saw the strips of tree felling from > the microbursts that we called the Berwick Blow of a few winters ago that > took out some 200 year old hemlock but we also see blow down along a line > between two properties where still another neighbour has clearcut and it > has made it not possible to ski in the adjacent uncut property over a 40m > width due to blow down. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > On Mon, Feb 8, 2016 at 11:06 AM, David & Alison Webster < > dwebster@glinx.com> wrote: > > Hi Dusan, > > Yes and no. A sufficiently high wind can mow a swath through > undisturbed forest. And counting Dec 13, 2010 (ignoring Juan because it w= as > local) we have had two high winds recently; one even in May, 2013 (?). An= d > many winds which finish the job or start fresh ones. > > The Kentville ravine is a good example; the 2010 wind felled a > significant area of Hemlock/hardwood. In my woods more Poplar went over > than 5 households could use both as 'scattered' trees of up to 6 in one > domino and two areas (~1 acre & 2 acres) where nearly every tree went > down. Most large Spruce which survived 2010 were taken in 2013. > > > > I think we are in a new era of damaging winds. Note that Juan took > large trees and spared medium trees. With regard to canopy protection thi= s > no doubt helps but if trees grow with space they are better anchored than > trees which grow crowded. > > Yt, DW > > ----- Original Message ----- > > *From:* Dusan Soudek <soudekd@ns.sympatico.ca> > > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > > *Sent:* Monday, February 08, 2016 9:28 AM > > *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a > car with the same two trees? > > > > =EF=BB=BF To Donna, David, et al; > > one of the obvious way trees in a forest cooperate is protection against > strong winds. A solitary tree is unlikely to withstand windstorms, a fore= st > with an intact canopy usually does. But, on the other hand, there is brut= al > competition for sunlight in a forest. Taller trees inhibit the growth of > smaller trees, often their conspecifics and even their own descendants. O= f > the millions and millions of seeds a mature tree will produce over its > lifetime, on the average only one will reach maturity... > > Dusan Soudek > > On February 8, 2016 at 8:21 AM David & Alison Webster <dwebster@glinx.com= > > wrote: > > Hi Donna & All, Feb 8, 2016 > > The book, The Hidden Life of Trees, should be interesting reading. > > But there is nothing mysterious about "...for reasons unknown, keep > the ancient stumps of long-felled companions alive for centuries by feedi= ng > them a sugar solution through their roots.=E2=80=9D This is root grafting > practiced by Spruce sometimes, Hemlock always, Fir sometimes and Norway > Maple. > > > > Root grafting is I suspect a reflection of somewhat hostile soil > conditions and/or perhaps 'permanent woodland' such that extension roots > tend to follow old root channels as opposed to making a new one. When a > root cap of tree A meets one of tree B they sometimes (always ?) unite an= d > form a 2-way link. > > Decades ago I came across a great example of this at Dean Chapter > Lake. The roots of the Spruce forest which had been killed by raising the > water level for hydro were mostly intact but exposed by wash. Every Spruc= e > I saw was attached to two or more Spruce by grafting. > > > > Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville > > ----- Original Message ----- > > *From:* Donna Crossland <dcrossland@eastlink.ca> > > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > > *Sent:* Sunday, February 07, 2016 9:11 PM > > *Subject:* [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a car > with the same two trees? > > This forest article was forwarded to me by Jon Percy. Bob Bancroft has > also circulated around to some, but it is worth ensuring that everyone se= es > it. > > > > > http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/30/world/europe/german-forest-ranger-finds= -that-trees-have-social-networks-too.html?hp&action=3Dclick&pgtype=3DHomepa= ge&clickSource=3Dstory-heading&module=3Dsecond-column-region®ion=3Dtop-n= ews&WT.nav=3Dtop-news&_r=3D0 > > > > The parts I enjoyed- > > > > =E2=80=9C in nature, trees operate less like individuals and more as comm= unal > beings. Working together in networks and sharing resources, they increase > their resistance.=E2=80=9D > > > > =E2=80=9CIn one forest, they said, when they wanted to buy a car, they cu= t two > trees. For us, at the time, two trees would buy you a pizza.=E2=80=9D > > > > =E2=80=9C that trees in the forest are social beings. They can count, lea= rn and > remember; nurse sick neighbors; warn each other of danger by sending > electrical signals across a fungal network known as the =E2=80=9CWood Wid= e Web=E2=80=9D; > and, for reasons unknown, keep the ancient stumps of long-felled companio= ns > alive for centuries by feeding them a sugar solution through their roots.= =E2=80=9D > > > > This should be required reading for all personnel who =E2=80=98manage=E2= =80=99 our forests. > > > > If we want folks to relate to the forest on a more personal level, other > than as a simple entity to mow down for relatively low profit, this way o= f > describing our forests may be a good approach. > > No virus found in this message. > Checked by AVG - www.avg.com > Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05/1= 6 > > > > > No virus found in this message. > Checked by AVG - www.avg.com > Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05/1= 6 > > > > <https://www.avast.com/sig-email> > > This email has been sent from a virus-free computer protected by Avast. > www.avast.com <https://www.avast.com/sig-email> > > No virus found in this message. > Checked by AVG - www.avg.com > Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05/1= 6 > > > > No virus found in this message. > Checked by AVG - www.avg.com > Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05/1= 6 > > > > No virus found in this message. > Checked by AVG - www.avg.com > Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05/1= 6 > > > --001a1143abf649dc13052b5650f9 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <p dir=3D"ltr">We need a trip to the Herbert floodplain to see Canada lily = sanicula Carex tuckermanni wild coffee and the cohosh and yellow violets. T= his area is extensive and=C2=A0 outstanding and is a floodplain that never = was farmed unlike its neighbour the Meander.<br> Nick </p> <div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Feb 8, 2016 10:21 PM, "Donna Crossland&q= uot; <<a href=3D"mailto:dcrossland@eastlink.ca">dcrossland@eastlink.ca</= a>> wrote:<br type=3D"attribution"><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" sty= le=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div l= ang=3D"EN-CA" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple"><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><s= pan style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-se= rif";color:#1f497d">Very interesting discussions.=C2=A0 Almost no one = mentioned the favourable idea of buying an entire vehicle from two trees ra= ther than a pizza.=C2=A0 I suppose it was a favourable thought to all.<u></= u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;= font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></= u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:1= 1.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"= >The more thought-provoking discussion re: flood plains and wind throw- som= e quick thoughts before bed:<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"= ><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans= -serif";color:#1f497d">Red maple flood plains!!=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0Ther= e=E2=80=99s a beautiful example at Jake=E2=80=99s Landing, Keji.=C2=A0 =C2= =A0=C2=A0Many such areas were =E2=80=98hayed=E2=80=99.<u></u><u></u></span>= </p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quo= t;Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u><= /span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-famil= y:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">It is well know= n that riparian zones were the first to be logged for ton (square timber) a= nd later saw logs.=C2=A0 =C2=A0Ton timber consisted largely of white pine, = but also a surprising amount of large, straight yellow birch (called black = birch back then due to its advanced age and exterior characteristics).=C2= =A0 Riparian zones also were the first areas to be stripped of trees for ag= ricultural lands.=C2=A0=C2=A0 Rivers were the highways...=C2=A0 =C2=A0Of co= urse flood plains were converted to agriculture.=C2=A0 People tilled the ri= chest soils first.=C2=A0 =C2=A0(Ask the Acadians.=C2=A0 There were numerous= families along the Annapolis and elsewhere.)=C2=A0 Trying to feed a family= on the harvests from poor soils (from conifer stands or poor geology) woul= d have been very risky in the 1700-1800s, with no welfare and no Superstore= nearby.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font= -size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#= 1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style= =3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"= ;color:#1f497d">I=E2=80=99ve just spent a good deal of energy trying to enc= ourage some trees to re-grow along my tiny piece of land on the Annapolis R= iver, long ago stripped of trees and the soils tilled for agriculture.=C2= =A0 Unfortunately, the grass now makes it nearly impossible for trees to re= -establish and banks are now slumping into the river at alarming speed, bro= ught on partly due to the instability of early tree removal.=C2=A0 I just w= atched the slow death of a tall, remaining elm on the banks last summer.=C2= =A0 Most of the elm have already fallen into the river.=C2=A0 Very sad.=C2= =A0 <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-siz= e:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f49= 7d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"fo= nt-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color= :#1f497d">Species of tree roots are not all the same.=C2=A0 Shallow roots o= f spruce and balsam fir are not very valuable as nutrient pumps (and blow o= ver very easily), but hardwoods and the tap roots of pine are another story= .=C2=A0 I knew a friend who planted ginseng under sugar maple.=C2=A0 At nig= ht the great sugar maples pumped water (and nutrients) from down deep to th= e surface.=C2=A0 The ginseng flourished.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class= =3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri&qu= ot;,"sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p><p= class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cali= bri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Flood plains can receive so= il enrichment from both sediments during flooding and from deep rooted tree= s that may line riparian communities where conditions are right.=C2=A0 Too = much water=3D grasses, sedges, maybe ericaceous, okay,... but periodic floo= ding is just fine for some trees.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNo= rmal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","= ;sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p><p class=3D= "MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri"= ,"sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I suppose I=E2=80=99ll never get to = see blue cohosh, but I=E2=80=99d like to.=C2=A0 We lost our richest hardwoo= ds so long ago, it is difficult to imagine what the Annapolis Valley must h= ave been like.=C2=A0 A botanist=E2=80=99s dream.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p= class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cali= bri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span>= </p><div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #b5c4df 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt = 0cm 0cm 0cm"><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-s= ize:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</sp= an></b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tah= oma","sans-serif""> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebuct= o.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a> [mailto:<a hre= f=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank">naturens-owner= @chebucto.ns.ca</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Nicholas Hill<br><b>Sent:</b> Febr= uary-08-16 7:42 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca"= target=3D"_blank">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Natu= reNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a car with the same two t= rees?<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u>= </u></p><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">as you will<u></u><u></u></p><div><p cl= ass=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"= ><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u>= </u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p><div><p c= lass=3D"MsoNormal">On Mon, Feb 8, 2016 at 5:06 PM, David & Alison Webst= er <<a href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com" target=3D"_blank">dwebster@gli= nx.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p><div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Nic= k,<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><em>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2= =A0</em>I am not aware of any ot these places being wooded then and subsequ= ently converted to agriculture. I do recall collecting in hardwoods on Salm= on ancient floodplains, well above 50s flood levels, soon to be stripped fo= r gravel; not agriculture.<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNorma= l">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Meadows which frequently flood in summer and are near= ly always flooded=C2=A0over winter don't support trees.<u></u><u></u></= p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">DW<em>=C2=A0</em><u></u><u></u></p></di= v><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class= =3D"MsoNormal">----- Original Message ----- <u></u><u></u></p></div><blockq= uote style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm= 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5= .0pt"><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"background:#e4e4e4"><b><span sty= le=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"= ">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial&q= uot;,"sans-serif""> <a href=3D"mailto:fernhillns@gmail.com" title= =3D"fernhillns@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">Nicholas Hill</a> <u></u><u></u= ></span></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:1= 0.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">To:</span></b><= span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-ser= if""> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" title=3D"naturens@che= bucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a> <u></u><u></u></= span></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0= pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Sent:</span></b><s= pan style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-seri= f""> Monday, February 08, 2016 3:47 PM<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><= div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&= quot;Arial","sans-serif"">Subject:</span></b><span style=3D"= font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> Re:= [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a car with the same= two trees?<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></= u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0you guys back in= the EC Smith days covered the province... <u></u><u></u></p><div><p class= =3D"MsoNormal">Oxford's R Phillip, Meander, Kennetcook, Gaspereau<u></u= ><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Salmon...we can go on and we = should<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u><= /u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Wherever it was fertile<u></u><u><= /u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div><div= ><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div></div><div><p class= =3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">On Mon, = Feb 8, 2016 at 3:25 PM, David & Alison Webster <<a href=3D"mailto:dw= ebster@glinx.com" target=3D"_blank">dwebster@glinx.com</a>> wrote:<u></u= ><u></u></p><div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Nick,<u></u><u></u></p></di= v><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Where were floodplains con= verted to agriculture in NS ? A smattering in NB but none is NS that I am a= ware of. Some Salmon River floodplains were mined for gravel when the 100 s= eries highways were built near there and I think some floodplains near Oxfo= rd were mined. <u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0= =C2=A0=C2=A0 Floodplains are enriched by the silt deposited by floodwaters = each year; e.g. Nile, Tigrus not by trees which may take advantage of the e= nriched soil.<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Yt, DW<u><= /u><u></u></p></div><blockquote style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blac= k 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margi= n-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D= "font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">---= -- Original Message ----- <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class=3D"M= soNormal" style=3D"background:#e4e4e4"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;f= ont-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span = style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif&qu= ot;"> <a href=3D"mailto:fernhillns@gmail.com" title=3D"fernhillns@gmail.com= " target=3D"_blank">Nicholas Hill</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><= p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"= Arial","sans-serif"">To:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:= 10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <a href=3D"ma= ilto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" title=3D"naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_= blank">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><div= ><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family= :"Arial","sans-serif"">Sent:</span></b><span style=3D"f= ont-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> Mond= ay, February 08, 2016 2:53 PM<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class= =3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial&q= uot;,"sans-serif"">Subject:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:10= .0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> Re: [NatureNS] = two trees to buy a pizza or would we rather a car with the same two trees?<= u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u><= /u></p></div><div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hey John<u></u><u></u></p></d= iv><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">yes tree roots are purported to be amazing N= and P pumps and can take up nutrients before they reach waterways..90% ran= ge according to Maltby who was working on big rivers of Europe.<u></u><u></= u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">when you lose trees you lose these = pumps and go to lower functional states and herbaceous plants arent a lick = on trees.<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<= u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">The tree was an engineer of flo= odplains in big ways and we lost a lot of that when we converted floodplain= for agriculture. This floodplain forest is what supports a good group of t= he Appalachian Deciduous Forest species..bloodroot, blue cohosh Canada viol= et (?) wild coffee, Canada Lily, wild garlic, yellow violets, toothwort, So= lomon's plume..and this is the habitat we need right now to let us pres= erve the diversity that is expanding northward and may be eliminated from K= entucky in time. I'm looking forward to being able to eat pawpaws, crus= h spicebush leaves and swing on forest grape vines in my nineties in Nova S= cotia but first we need to secure and restore floodplain habitat.<u></u><u>= </u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div><di= v><p class=3D"MsoNormal">must be midwinter=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p></div><di= v><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"Mso= Normal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">On Mon, Feb 8, = 2016 at 2:05 PM, David & Alison Webster <<a href=3D"mailto:dwebster@= glinx.com" target=3D"_blank">dwebster@glinx.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u= ></p><div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi John & All,<u></u><u></u></p><= /div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Any deep-rooted plant w= ill move nutrients to the surface if that is what you mean. Grasses are in = general better than trees because their fine roots can penetrate the pores = of rigid soils not accessible=C2=A0to tree roots. This is why Agropyron rep= ens (Couch) is such a vigorous weed. And why the fertility of=C2=A0Prairie = soil=C2=A0is immense.<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Yt= , DW<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u= ></p></div><blockquote style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;p= adding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0= cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-siz= e:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">----- Origin= al Message ----- <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"= style=3D"background:#e4e4e4"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-famil= y:"Arial","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style=3D"= font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <a = href=3D"mailto:nhungjohn@eastlink.ca" title=3D"nhungjohn@eastlink.ca" targe= t=3D"_blank">John and Nhung</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p clas= s=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial&= quot;,"sans-serif"">To:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt= ;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <a href=3D"mailto:n= aturens@chebucto.ns.ca" title=3D"naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank"= >naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class= =3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial&q= uot;,"sans-serif"">Sent:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0p= t;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> Monday, February 0= 8, 2016 12:06 PM<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">= <b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans= -serif"">Subject:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-famil= y:"Arial","sans-serif""> RE: [NatureNS] two trees to bu= y a pizza or would we rather a car with the same two trees?<u></u><u></u></= span></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div><d= iv><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"= ;Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">When I was a CUSO volu= nteer in Northeast Thailand, thirty-odd years ago, our country Director (a = soil scientist by training) called trees =E2=80=9Cnutrient pumps.=E2=80=9D= =C2=A0 </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u>= </p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quo= t;Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Made eminent sense in= an area with terrible soils, with minimal organic content.</span><u></u><u= ></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNorm= al"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tah= oma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang=3D"EN-US" styl= e=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"= "> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank">natur= ens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a> [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebu= cto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a>] <b>On Behal= f Of </b>Nicholas Hill<br><b>Sent:</b> February 8, 2016 11:44 AM<br><b>To:<= /b> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank">naturens@c= hebucto.ns.ca</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizz= a or would we rather a car with the same two trees?</span><u></u><u></u></p= ><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"= >Trees have been called environmental engineers as they make habitat and se= t up the food web. We are very lucky to have neighbours that let us walk an= d bring kids through their woods that are in good condition with large matu= re trees of pines and hemlock. We saw the strips of tree felling from the m= icrobursts that we called the Berwick Blow of a few winters ago that took o= ut some 200 year old hemlock but we also see blow down along a line between= two properties where still another neighbour has clearcut and it has made = it not possible to ski in the adjacent uncut property over a 40m width due = to blow down.=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u><= /u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p></d= iv><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><div><p class=3D"Mso= Normal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u>= </u><u></u></p></div></div></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><= u></u></p><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">On Mon, Feb 8, 2016 at 11:06 AM, Davi= d & Alison Webster <<a href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com" target=3D"= _blank">dwebster@glinx.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p><div><div><p cla= ss=3D"MsoNormal">Hi Dusan,<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNorma= l">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Yes and no. A sufficiently high wind can mow a swath = through undisturbed forest. And counting Dec 13, 2010 (ignoring Juan becaus= e it was local) we have had two=C2=A0high winds recently; one even in May, = 2013=C2=A0(?). And many winds which finish the job or start fresh ones.<u><= /u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 The Kent= ville ravine is a good example; the 2010=C2=A0wind felled a significant are= a of Hemlock/hardwood. In my woods more Poplar went over than 5 households = could use both as 'scattered' trees=C2=A0of up to 6 in one domino a= nd two areas (~1 acre & 2 acres) where nearly every tree went down.=C2= =A0Most large Spruce which survived 2010 were taken in 2013. <u></u><u></u>= </p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 <u></u><u></u></p>= </div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 I think we are in a ne= w era of damaging winds. Note that Juan took large trees and spared medium = trees. With regard to canopy protection this no doubt helps but if trees gr= ow with space they are better anchored than trees which grow crowded. <u></= u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Yt, DW<u></u><u></u></p></di= v><blockquote style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0c= m 0cm 0cm 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin= -bottom:5.0pt"><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;= font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">----- Original Messag= e ----- </span><u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D= "background:#e4e4e4"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"A= rial","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size= :10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> <a href=3D"m= ailto:soudekd@ns.sympatico.ca" title=3D"soudekd@ns.sympatico.ca" target=3D"= _blank">Dusan Soudek</a> </span><u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"Ms= oNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",&= quot;sans-serif"">To:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-f= amily:"Arial","sans-serif""> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens= @chebucto.ns.ca" title=3D"naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank">nature= ns@chebucto.ns.ca</a> </span><u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNo= rmal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",&quo= t;sans-serif"">Sent:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-fa= mily:"Arial","sans-serif""> Monday, February 08, 2016 9= :28 AM</span><u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span s= tyle=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif&quo= t;">Subject:</span></b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Ar= ial","sans-serif""> Re: [NatureNS] two trees to buy a pizza = or would we rather a car with the same two trees?</span><u></u><u></u></p><= /div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p clas= s=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma","sans-se= rif"">=EF=BB=BF</span>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 To Donna, David, et al; <u></= u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">one of the=C2=A0obvious way = trees in a forest cooperate is protection against strong winds. A solitary = tree is unlikely to withstand windstorms, a forest with an intact canopy=C2= =A0usually does. But, on the other hand, there is brutal competition for su= nlight in a forest. Taller trees inhibit=C2=A0the growth of smaller trees, = often their conspecifics and even their own descendants. Of the millions an= d millions of seeds a mature tree will produce over its lifetime, on the av= erage only one will reach maturity... <u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class= =3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0=C2=A0 Dusan Soudek <u></u><u></u></p></div><blockquot= e style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 8.0= pt;margin-left:0cm;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><p class=3D"MsoNor= mal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt">On February 8, 2016 at 8:21 AM David &a= mp; Alison Webster <<a href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com" target=3D"_bla= nk">dwebster@glinx.com</a>> wrote: <u></u><u></u></p><div><p class=3D"Ms= oNormal">Hi Donna & All,=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2= =A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0= =C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Feb 8= , 2016 <u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2= =A0 The book, The Hidden Life of Trees,=C2=A0should be interesting reading.= <u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 But= there is nothing mysterious about <span style=3D"font-family:"Calibri= ","sans-serif"">"...for reasons unknown, keep the ancie= nt stumps of long-felled companions alive for centuries by feeding them a s= ugar solution through their roots.=E2=80=9D </span>This is root grafting pr= acticed by Spruce sometimes, Hemlock always, Fir sometimes=C2=A0and Norway = Maple. <u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><p = class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial= ","sans-serif";color:black">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0Root=C2= =A0grafting is I suspect a reflection of somewhat hostile soil conditions a= nd/or perhaps 'permanent woodland' such that extension roots tend t= o follow old root channels as opposed to </span><span style=3D"font-size:11= .0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">= =C2=A0</span><span style=3D"font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial",= "sans-serif";color:black">making a new one. When a root cap of tr= ee A meets one of tree B they sometimes (always ?) unite and form a 2-way l= ink. </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-si= ze:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blac= k">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </span><span style=3D"font-size:13.5pt;font-family:&q= uot;Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Decades ago I came acro= ss a great example of this at Dean Chapter Lake. The roots of the Spruce fo= rest which had been killed by raising the water level for hydro were mostly= intact but exposed by wash. Every Spruce I saw was attached to two or more= Spruce by grafting.</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<= u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:13.5pt;fon= t-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Yt, Dave Web= ster, Kentville</span><u></u><u></u></p></div><blockquote style=3D"border:n= one;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt;margin-left:3.7= 5pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><p class=3D= "MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",&= quot;sans-serif"">----- Original Message ----- </span><u></u><u></u></= p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"background:#e4e4e4"><strong><s= pan style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-seri= f"">From:</span></strong><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&= quot;Arial","sans-serif""> <a href=3D"mailto:dcrossland@east= link.ca" target=3D"_blank">Donna Crossland</a> </span><u></u><u></u></p></d= iv><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><strong><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font= -family:"Arial","sans-serif"">To:</span></strong><span = style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif&qu= ot;"> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank">naturens= @chebucto.ns.ca</a> </span><u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNorm= al"><strong><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",&= quot;sans-serif"">Sent:</span></strong><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt= ;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> Sunday, February 07= , 2016 9:11 PM </span><u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><= strong><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","= sans-serif"">Subject:</span></strong><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;f= ont-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> [NatureNS] two trees = to buy a pizza or would we rather a car with the same two trees? </span><u>= </u><u></u></p></div><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:1= 1.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">T= his forest article was forwarded to me by Jon Percy.=C2=A0 Bob Bancroft has= also circulated around to some, but it is worth ensuring that everyone see= s it.=C2=A0 </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u= ></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a href=3D"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/3= 0/world/europe/german-forest-ranger-finds-that-trees-have-social-networks-t= oo.html?hp&action=3Dclick&pgtype=3DHomepage&clickSource=3Dstory= -heading&module=3Dsecond-column-region&region=3Dtop-news&WT.nav= =3Dtop-news&_r=3D0" target=3D"_blank">http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/30= /world/europe/german-forest-ranger-finds-that-trees-have-social-networks-to= o.html?hp&action=3Dclick&pgtype=3DHomepage&clickSource=3Dstory-= heading&module=3Dsecond-column-region&region=3Dtop-news&WT.nav= =3Dtop-news&_r=3D0</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u= ></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font= -family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;background:w= hite">The parts I enjoyed-</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">= =C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.= 0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black;back= ground:white">=E2=80=9C=C2=A0in nature, trees operate less like individuals= and more as communal beings. Working together in networks and sharing reso= urces, they increase their resistance.=E2=80=9D</span><u></u><u></u></p><p = class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span st= yle=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif&qu= ot;;color:black;background:white">=E2=80=9CIn one forest, they said, when t= hey wanted to buy a car, they cut two trees. For us, at the time, two trees= would buy you a pizza.=E2=80=9D</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNor= mal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-siz= e:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black= ;background:white">=E2=80=9C that trees in the forest are social beings. Th= ey can count, learn and remember; nurse sick neighbors; warn each other of = danger by sending electrical signals across a fungal network known as the = =E2=80=9CWood Wide Web=E2=80=9D; and, for reasons unknown, keep the ancient= stumps of long-felled companions alive for centuries by feeding them a sug= ar solution through their roots.=E2=80=9D</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class= =3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style= =3D"font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"= ;color:black">This should be required reading for all personnel who =E2=80= =98manage=E2=80=99 our forests.</span><u></u><u></u></p><div><div><p class= =3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style= =3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"= ;color:black">If we want folks to relate to the forest on a more personal l= evel, other than as a simple entity to mow down for relatively low profit, = this way of describing our forests may be a good approach.</span><u></u><u>= </u></p></div></div></div><p>No virus found in this message.<br>Checked by = AVG - www.avg.com<br>V= ersion: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05/16<u= ></u><u></u></p></blockquote></blockquote><div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>= =C2=A0 <u></u><u></u></p></div><p>No virus found in this message.<br>Checke= d by AVG - www.avg.com= <br>Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05= /16<u></u><u></u></p></blockquote></div></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0= <u></u><u></u></p></div></div><table border=3D"1" cellpadding=3D"0" style= =3D"border:none;border-top:solid #aaabb6 1.0pt"><tr><td width=3D"105" style= =3D"width:78.75pt;border:none;padding:11.25pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class= =3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-top:22.5pt"><a href=3D"https://www.avast.com= /sig-email" target=3D"_blank"><span style=3D"text-decoration:none"><img bor= der=3D"0" src=3D"https://ipmcdn.avast.com/images/logo-avast-v1.png"></span>= </a><u></u><u></u></p></td><td width=3D"470" style=3D"width:352.5pt;border:= none;padding:15.0pt .75pt .75pt .75pt"><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"marg= in-top:22.5pt;line-height:13.5pt"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-fami= ly:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#41424e">This email has b= een sent from a virus-free computer protected by Avast. <br><a href=3D"http= s://www.avast.com/sig-email" target=3D"_blank"><span style=3D"color:#4453ea= ">www.avast.com</span></a> <u></u><u></u></span></p></td></tr></table><p>No= virus found in this message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href=3D"http://www.avg= .com" target=3D"_blank">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Dat= abase: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05/16<u></u><u></u></p></blockquote></= div></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div></div><p>No = virus found in this message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href=3D"http://www.avg.= com" target=3D"_blank">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus Data= base: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05/16<u></u><u></u></p></div></div></bl= ockquote></div></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div><= p>No virus found in this message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href=3D"http://www= .avg.com" target=3D"_blank">www.avg.com</a><br>Version: 2016.0.7441 / Virus= Database: 4522/11564 - Release Date: 02/05/16<u></u><u></u></p></blockquot= e></div></div><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p></div></div></= div></div></blockquote></div> --001a1143abf649dc13052b5650f9--
next message in archive
no next message in thread
previous message in archive
previous message in thread
Index of Subjects