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style=3D"B This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_006E_01D139D2.5ECAA7F0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Hi Steve & All, Dec 18, 2015 I suppose nearly everyone is bored with this by now but fortunately = all have a delete button. The only date I see is 'the 1990s' so I have = to assume that all of their statistics refer to this decade. Quoting again the figures from that site: 450,000 km 1990s total, = 121,000 km lost by then and of the total remaining 190,000 km are = ancient and species rich which implies that (571-190) are not ancient = and species rich. =20 It is my understanding that, in large areas of UK countryside, the = original woodland flora is found only in ancient well-maintained = hedgerows. [I read this somewhere decades ago].=20 If this understanding is correct then the relevant figures are 571 = and 190 and the proportion of functional hedgerows lost by the 1990s is = 1-(190/571)=3D 0.66; i.e. 66% of functional hedgerows lost by the 1990s. Yt, DW, Kentville=20 ----- Original Message -----=20 From: Stephen Shaw=20 To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20 Sent: Thursday, December 17, 2015 7:53 PM Subject: Re: [NatureNS] UK Butterflies decline To quantify Dave=92s comment a bit more from the same useful source = that he has dug up (cited again below): 450,000 km of hedgerows were = left by the 1990s, and 121,000 km had been lost, so the total aboriginal = length in, say, the Middle Ages would have been ~571,000 km. A loss of = 121,000 km by the 1990s therefore represents a ~21.2 percent loss of the = total original hedgerow in UK. Of the current remainder, 190,000 km are = estimated to be species rich and =91ancient=92. =20 =20 Unusefully, the article doesn=92t say whether the losses have been = concentrated more on the species rich hedgerows. If this were so, the = losses of this superior habitat would have been greater than 21%. The = poor condition of even the remaining hedgerow is attributed to excessive = use of fertilizer and pesticides in intensive farming, and decline in = traditional management practices. This article concerns hedgerows, and = doesn=92t touch on the massive deforestation in much of the UK, to fuel = such early practices as charcoal production for iron smelting.=20 On a comparative technical point, we've also been back several times = in the last few years, using rental cars in England, Scotland and Wales. = At least as the main driver, I couldn=92t hazard a guess at the state = of the hedgerows because even though UK major road surfaces are = generally much better maintained than here, traffic density and speed = there in England at least is frightening these days, such that loss of = attention for even a second or two to view the scenery would likely lead = to annihilation. Parking a car on the side of the road is often now = difficult to almost impossible, even in small villages. Next time I = think we had better take a bus tour. =20 Steve (Hfx) =20 On Dec 17, 2015, at 10:32 AM, David & Alison Webster = <dwebster@glinx.com> wrote: Thanks Peter, Perceived loss may depend upon the time frame involved and the = specific area. According to = http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife/habitats/hedgerows some 121,000 km of hedgerows had been lost in the UK by the 1990. This may be small or large relative to the total remaining; not = sure. I would expect the impact of habitat shrinkage on a population = to frequently be delayed until some other factor, e.g. adverse weather, = caused a dramatic decline in numbers. In such circumstances, sparse = habitat, could readily preclude recovery. Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville ----- Original Message ----- From: Hubcove@aol.com To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca Sent: Wednesday, December 16, 2015 9:07 PM Subject: Re: [NatureNS] UK Butterflies decline In our frequent visits to the UK we haven't noticed much decline = in hedgerows, probably because there are quite strict regulation = governing their removal Peter Stow Hubbards In a message dated 2015-12-16 8:32:43 P.M. Atlantic Standard Time, = dwebster@glinx.com writes: Hi Steve & All, Dec 16, 2015 It seems odd that there was no mention of the obvious; loss = of hedgerows by consolidation of fields and crop specialization which = would surely imply for some species not only loss of habitat but habitat = fragmentation. Yt, DW, Kentville=20 ----- Original Message ----- From: Stephen Shaw To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca Sent: Wednesday, December 16, 2015 6:38 PM Subject: [NatureNS] UK Butterflies decline Continuing an earlier thread, this short Guardian article = summarizes a robust increase in a few, but drastic decline in many = species, in UK. Causes unknown but pesticides and climate change among = suspects fingered. =20 Steve (Hfx) Begin forwarded message: Subject: UK Butterflies decline Date: December 15, 2015 at 11:57:09 AM AST = http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/15/decline-in-over-three-= quarters-uk-butterfly-species-final-warning-says-chris-packham?utm_source= =3Desp&utm_medium=3DEmail&utm_campaign=3DGU+Today+main+Charity+appeal+151= 215&utm_term=3D143781&subid=3D14439812&CMP=3DEMCNEWEML6619I No virus found in this message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 2016.0.7294 / Virus Database: 4483/11175 - Release = Date: 12/14/15 No virus found in this message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 2016.0.7294 / Virus Database: 4483/11175 - Release Date: = 12/14/15 No virus found in this message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 2016.0.7294 / Virus Database: 4489/11199 - Release Date: = 12/17/15 ------=_NextPart_000_006E_01D139D2.5ECAA7F0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML><HEAD> <META content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1252" = http-equiv=3DContent-Type> <META name=3DGENERATOR content=3D"MSHTML 8.00.6001.23588"> <STYLE></STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY=20 style=3D"WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; = -webkit-line-break: after-white-space"=20 bgColor=3D#ffffff> <DIV>Hi Steve & All, = =20 = Dec=20 18, 2015</DIV> <DIV> I suppose nearly everyone is bored with this by = now but=20 fortunately all have a delete button. The only date I see is 'the = 1990s' so=20 I have to assume that all of their statistics refer to this=20 decade.</DIV> <DIV> Quoting again the figures from that site: = 450,000 km=20 1990s total, 121,000 km lost by then and of the total remaining 190,000 = km are=20 ancient and species rich which implies that (571-190) are not ancient = and=20 species rich.</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> It is my understanding that, in large = areas of=20 UK countryside, the original woodland flora is found only = in ancient=20 well-maintained hedgerows. [I read this somewhere decades ago]. </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> If this understanding is correct then = the=20 relevant figures are 571 and 190 and the proportion of functional = hedgerows lost=20 by the 1990s is 1-(190/571)=3D 0.66; i.e. 66% of functional = hedgerows lost by=20 the 1990s.</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>Yt, DW, Kentville </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>----- Original Message ----- </DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE=20 style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; = PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"=20 dir=3Dltr> <DIV=20 style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: = black"><B>From:</B>=20 <A title=3Dsrshaw@Dal.Ca href=3D"mailto:srshaw@Dal.Ca">Stephen = Shaw</A> </DIV> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A = title=3Dnaturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20 href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A> = </DIV> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, December 17, = 2015 7:53=20 PM</DIV> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [NatureNS] UK = Butterflies=20 decline</DIV> <DIV><BR></DIV>To quantify Dave=92s comment a bit more from the same = useful=20 source that he has dug up (cited again below): 450,000 km of = hedgerows=20 were left by the 1990s, and 121,000 km had been lost, so the total = aboriginal=20 length in, say, the Middle Ages would have been ~571,000 km. A = loss of=20 121,000 km by the 1990s therefore represents a ~21.2 percent loss of = the total=20 original hedgerow in UK. Of the current remainder, 190,000 km = are=20 estimated to be species rich and =91ancient=92. =20 <DIV> </DIV> <DIV>Unusefully, the article doesn=92t say whether the losses have = been=20 concentrated more on the species rich hedgerows. If this were = so, the=20 losses of this superior habitat would have been greater than 21%. = The=20 poor condition of even the remaining hedgerow is attributed to = excessive use=20 of fertilizer and pesticides in intensive farming, and decline in = traditional=20 management practices. This article concerns hedgerows, and = doesn=92t=20 touch on the massive deforestation in much of the UK, to fuel such = early=20 practices as charcoal production for iron smelting. </DIV> <DIV><BR></DIV> <DIV>On a comparative technical point, we've also been back several = times in=20 the last few years, using rental cars in England, Scotland and Wales. = At=20 least as the main driver, I couldn=92t hazard a guess at the state of = the=20 hedgerows because even though UK major road surfaces are generally = much better=20 maintained than here, traffic density and speed there in England at = least is=20 frightening these days, such that loss of attention for even a second = or two=20 to view the scenery would likely lead to annihilation. Parking a = car on=20 the side of the road is often now difficult to almost impossible, even = in=20 small villages. Next time I think we had better take a bus tour. = </DIV> <DIV>Steve (Hfx) </DIV> <DIV><BR> <DIV> <DIV>On Dec 17, 2015, at 10:32 AM, David & Alison Webster <<A=20 href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com">dwebster@glinx.com</A>> = wrote:</DIV><BR=20 class=3DApple-interchange-newline> <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"> <DIV=20 style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT: 10pt Arial; = WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; = -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"=20 id=3Drole_body bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" topmargin=3D"7" rightmargin=3D"7" = leftmargin=3D"7"=20 bottommargin=3D"7"> <DIV><FONT size=3D3>Thanks Peter,</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D3> Perceived loss may depend = upon the time=20 frame involved and the specific area. According to <A=20 = href=3D"http://www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife/habitats/hedgerows">http:/= /www.wildlifetrusts.org/wildlife/habitats/hedgerows</A></FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D3>some 121,000 km of hedgerows had been lost in = the UK by=20 the 1990.</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D3> This may be small = or large=20 relative to the total remaining; not sure.</FONT></DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D3> I would expect the impact of = habitat=20 shrinkage on a population to frequently be=20 delayed</FONT> <FONT size=3D3>until some other factor, e.g. = adverse=20 weather, caused a dramatic decline in numbers. In such=20 circumstances, sparse habitat, could readily=20 preclude recovery.</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D3></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D3> Yt, Dave Webster,=20 Kentville</FONT></DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE=20 style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; = PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"=20 dir=3Dltr> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----</DIV> <DIV=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(228,228,228); FONT: 10pt = arial"><B>From:</B><SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN><A = title=3DHubcove@aol.com=20 href=3D"mailto:Hubcove@aol.com">Hubcove@aol.com</A></DIV> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B><SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN><A = title=3Dnaturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20 = href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A></DIV>= <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B><SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN>Wednesday, December 16, = 2015 9:07=20 PM</DIV> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B><SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN>Re: [NatureNS] UK = Butterflies=20 decline</DIV> <DIV><BR></DIV><FONT id=3Drole_document size=3D2 face=3DArial> <DIV>In our frequent visits to the UK we haven't noticed much = decline in=20 hedgerows, probably because there are quite strict regulation = governing=20 their removal</DIV> <DIV>Peter Stow</DIV> <DIV>Hubbards</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> <DIV>In a message dated 2015-12-16 8:32:43 P.M. Atlantic Standard=20 Time,<SPAN class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN><A=20 href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com">dwebster@glinx.com</A><SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN>writes:</DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE=20 style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: blue 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; = MARGIN-LEFT: 5px"><FONT=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" size=3D2 face=3DArial> <DIV>Hi Steve & All, =20 =20 Dec 16, 2015</DIV> <DIV> It seems odd that there was no mention = of the=20 obvious; loss of hedgerows by consolidation of fields and crop=20 specialization which would surely imply for some = species not=20 only loss of habitat but habitat fragmentation.</DIV> <DIV> Yt, DW, Kentville </DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE=20 style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: rgb(0,0,0) 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; = PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"=20 dir=3Dltr> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message = -----</DIV> <DIV=20 style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(228,228,228); FONT: 10pt = arial"><B>From:</B><SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN><A = title=3Dmailto:srshaw@Dal.Ca=20 href=3D"mailto:srshaw@Dal.Ca">Stephen Shaw</A></DIV> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B><SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN><A=20 title=3Dmailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20 = href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A></DIV>= <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B><SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN>Wednesday, December = 16, 2015=20 6:38 PM</DIV> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B><SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN>[NatureNS] UK = Butterflies=20 decline</DIV> <DIV><BR></DIV>Continuing an earlier thread, this short = Guardian=20 article summarizes a robust increase in a few, but drastic = decline in=20 many species, in UK. Causes unknown but pesticides and = climate=20 change among suspects fingered. =20 <DIV>Steve (Hfx)<BR> <DIV apple-content-edited=3D"true"><BR></DIV> <DIV><BR> <DIV>Begin forwarded message:</DIV><BR> <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"> <DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0px"><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><B>Subject:<SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><B>UK Butterflies=20 decline</B><BR></SPAN></DIV> <DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0px"><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><B>Date:<SPAN=20 class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN></B></SPAN><SPAN=20 style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">December 15, 2015 at = 11:57:09 AM=20 AST</SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><BR> <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"> <DIV dir=3Dltr><A=20 = title=3Dhttp://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/15/decline-in-ove= r-three-quarters-uk-butterfly-species-final-warning-says-chris-packham?ut= m_source=3Desp&utm_medium=3DEmail&utm_campaign=3DGU+Today+main+Ch= arity+appeal+151215&utm_term=3D143781&subid=3D14439812&CMP=3D= EMCNEWEML6619I=20 = href=3D"http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/15/decline-in-ove= r-three-quarters-uk-butterfly-species-final-warning-says-chris-packham?ut= m_source=3Desp&utm_medium=3DEmail&utm_campaign=3DGU+Today+main+Ch= arity+appeal+151215&utm_term=3D143781&subid=3D14439812&CMP=3D= EMCNEWEML6619I">http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/15/declin= e-in-over-three-quarters-uk-butterfly-species-final-warning-says-chris-pa= ckham?utm_source=3Desp&utm_medium=3DEmail&utm_campaign=3DGU+Today= +main+Charity+appeal+151215&utm_term=3D143781&subid=3D14439812&am= p;CMP=3DEMCNEWEML6619I</A></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></DIV><BR></DIV><A></A> <P align=3Dleft avgcert??=3D"">No virus found in this = message.<BR>Checked=20 by AVG -<SPAN class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN><A=20 title=3Dhttp://www.avg.com/=20 href=3D"http://www.avg.com/">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: = 2016.0.7294 /=20 Virus Database: 4483/11175 - Release Date:=20 = 12/14/15</P></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></FONT><A></A> <P align=3Dleft avgcert??=3D"">No virus found in this = message.<BR>Checked by=20 AVG -<SPAN class=3DApple-converted-space> </SPAN><A=20 href=3D"http://www.avg.com/">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: = 2016.0.7294 / Virus=20 Database: 4483/11175 - Release Date:=20 12/14/15</P></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV><A></A> <P align=3Dleft avgcert?? color=3D"#000000">No virus found in this=20 message.<BR>Checked by AVG - <A=20 href=3D"http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>Version: 2016.0.7294 / = Virus=20 Database: 4489/11199 - Release Date: = 12/17/15</P></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML> ------=_NextPart_000_006E_01D139D2.5ECAA7F0--
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