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Index of Subjects This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_2DF1_01CE93A9.78CA8F20 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Hi Nancy & All, Aug 7, 2013 Just very briefly, because this could be a long reply and include = much that I don't remember clearly, when a C. acaule does set seed by = either natural or hand pollination the number of seeds produced per = capsule is huge. If even a small percentage of these (e.g. 0.1%) were to = develop into plants then the woods would soon be carpeted with them. Drawing on memory, the young seedling develops underground as a lump = of undifferentiated tissue, nourished by fungi, for up to 10 years. = Eventually this lump, which I will call a tuber, develops a shoot bud = and presumably, at some time, root initials.=20 For years I thought this was it; the shoot bud develops leaves, the = root initials form roots and a photosynthetic plant is formed.=20 But a reference that Dwayne Sabine sent to me Nov 1, 2006 adds an = additional wrinkle. --------------------------------------------------------- American Journal of Botany 85(12): 1672-1679. 1998.=20 COST OF REPRODUCTION IN THE PINK LADY'S SLIPPER ORCHID (CYPRIPEDIUM = ACAULE, ORCHIDACEAE): AN=20 ELEVEN-YEAR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THREE POPULATIONS RICHARD PRIMACK AND = ELIZABETH STACY [available online at) http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/85/12/1672?maxtoshow=3D&HITS=3D10&hits=3D= 10&RESULTFORMAT=3D&fulltext=3Dcypripedium&andorexactfulltext=3Dand&search= id=3D1&FIRSTINDEX=3D0&sortspec=3Drelevance&resourcetype=3DHWCIT ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Primack and Stacy talk about up to 16 leaves per plant (which I = interpret as up to 8 plantlets each with two leaves and sometimes one = scape all sprouting from the same, presumably fairly large and possibly = branched tuber) and mention up to 30 flowers in 10 years (again making = it necessary to assume at least 3 plantlets per plant). Their methods are not clear, being described in earlier papers which = I have not seen, but I presume they used a high frequency AC = conductivity meter to determine which plantlets were part of the same = plant.=20 Some years ago, when I mapped what I assumed to be plants over a = period of 5 (?) years I was baffled by 'plants' that were absent in year = i but present in year i+1. This is understandable it these 'plants' that = sulk underground for a year are visualized as weak buds on a tuber that = gives rise to up to 5 additional plantlets. I don't know the maximum or average lateral extent of these tubers = that support multiple plantlets. Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville ----- Original Message -----=20 From: "nancy dowd" <nancypdowd@gmail.com> To: "naturens" <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca> Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2013 8:45 AM Subject: [NatureNS] C Lady's Slipper Seed Capsules >I have been wandering around in the woods for years and had never seen > the seed pod of the Common Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium acaule). I > finally got a chance to see these hand pollinated ones on Dave > Webster's woodlot when I was visiting Kentville. The captions below > indicate when the flowers were pollinated: >=20 > This year's capsule: = http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421315671/ > A fuzzy picture of last year's: > http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421321525/ > Two years old: http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421318019/ >=20 > Since it seems C Lady's Slippers rarely are pollinated and set a seed > capsule in the wild do they mainly persist as roots? And can these > orchids (or others) spread vegetatively by roots or other means? >=20 > Nancy >=20 >=20 > ----- > No virus found in this message. > Checked by AVG - www.avg.com > Version: 2013.0.3392 / Virus Database: 3209/6546 - Release Date: = 08/02/13 > ------=_NextPart_000_2DF1_01CE93A9.78CA8F20 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML><HEAD> <META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" = http-equiv=3DContent-Type> <META name=3DGENERATOR content=3D"MSHTML 8.00.6001.23507"> <STYLE></STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <DIV>Hi Nancy & All, = =20 Aug 7, = 2013</DIV> <DIV> Just very briefly, because this could be a long = reply=20 and include much that I don't remember clearly, when a <EM>C. = acaule</EM> does=20 set seed by either natural or hand pollination the number of seeds = produced=20 per capsule is huge. If even a small percentage of these (e.g. 0.1%) = were to=20 develop into plants then the woods would soon be carpeted with = them.</DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> Drawing on memory, the young seedling develops=20 underground as a lump of undifferentiated tissue, nourished by = fungi, for=20 up to 10 years. Eventually this lump, which I will call a tuber, = develops a=20 shoot bud and presumably, at some time, root initials. </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> For years I thought this was it; the shoot bud = develops=20 leaves, the root initials form roots and a photosynthetic plant is = formed.=20 </DIV> <DIV> </DIV> <DIV> But a reference that Dwayne Sabine sent to me = Nov 1,=20 2006 adds an additional wrinkle.</DIV> <DIV>---------------------------------------------------------</DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>American Journal of Botany 85(12): = 1672</FONT><FONT=20 size=3D2 face=3DTahoma>=96</FONT><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>1679. = 1998.</FONT>=20 <P><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>COST OF REPRODUCTION IN THE PINK LADY=92S = SLIPPER=20 ORCHID (CYPRIPEDIUM ACAULE, ORCHIDACEAE): AN</FONT> <BR><FONT = size=3D2><FONT=20 face=3DArial>ELEVEN-YEAR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THREE=20 POPULATIONS</FONT> </FONT><FONT size=3D2> RICHARD PRIMACK AND = ELIZABETH=20 STACY<FONT size=3D3> </FONT><STRONG>[available online = at)</STRONG></FONT></P> <P><A=20 href=3D"http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/85/12/1672?maxtoshow=3D&HIT= S=3D10&hits=3D10&RESULTFORMAT=3D&fulltext=3Dcypripedium&a= ndorexactfulltext=3Dand&searchid=3D1&FIRSTINDEX=3D0&sortspec=3D= relevance&resourcetype=3DHWCIT">http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/85/= 12/1672?maxtoshow=3D&HITS=3D10&hits=3D10&RESULTFORMAT=3D&= fulltext=3Dcypripedium&andorexactfulltext=3Dand&searchid=3D1&= FIRSTINDEX=3D0&sortspec=3Drelevance&resourcetype=3DHWCIT</A></P> <P><STRONG><FONT=20 size=3D2>----------------------------------------------------------------= --------</FONT></STRONG></P> <P> Primack and Stacy talk about up to 16 leaves per = plant=20 (which I interpret as up to 8 plantlets each with two leaves and = sometimes=20 one scape all sprouting from the same, presumably fairly = large=20 and possibly branched tuber) and mention up to 30 flowers in 10 = years=20 (again making it necessary to assume at least 3 plantlets per = plant).</P> <P> Their methods are not clear, being described in = earlier=20 papers which I have not seen, but I presume they used a high frequency = AC=20 conductivity meter to determine which plantlets were part of the same = plant.=20 </P> <P> Some years ago, when I mapped what I assumed to be = plants=20 over a period of 5 (?) years I was baffled by 'plants' that = were=20 absent in year i but present in year i+1. This is understandable it = these=20 'plants' that sulk underground for a year are visualized as weak = buds on a=20 tuber that gives rise to up to 5 additional plantlets.</P> <P> I don't know the maximum or average lateral extent = of=20 these tubers that support multiple plantlets.</P> <P>Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville</P> <P> </P> <P>----- Original Message ----- </P></DIV> <DIV> <DIV>From: "nancy dowd" <<A=20 href=3D"mailto:nancypdowd@gmail.com">nancypdowd@gmail.com</A>></DIV> <DIV>To: "naturens" <<A=20 href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</A>></= DIV> <DIV>Sent: Saturday, August 03, 2013 8:45 AM</DIV> <DIV>Subject: [NatureNS] C Lady's Slipper Seed Capsules</DIV></DIV> <DIV><BR></DIV>>I have been wandering around in the woods for years = and had=20 never seen<BR>> the seed pod of the Common Lady's Slipper = (Cypripedium=20 acaule). I<BR>> finally got a chance to see these hand pollinated = ones on=20 Dave<BR>> Webster's woodlot when I was visiting Kentville. The = captions=20 below<BR>> indicate when the flowers were pollinated:<BR>> = <BR>> This=20 year's capsule: <A=20 href=3D"http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421315671/">http://www= .flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421315671/</A><BR>>=20 A fuzzy picture of last year's:<BR>> <A=20 href=3D"http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421321525/">http://www= .flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421321525/</A><BR>>=20 Two years old: <A=20 href=3D"http://www.flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421318019/">http://www= .flickr.com/photos/92981528@N08/9421318019/</A><BR>>=20 <BR>> Since it seems C Lady's Slippers rarely are pollinated and set = a=20 seed<BR>> capsule in the wild do they mainly persist as roots? And = can=20 these<BR>> orchids (or others) spread vegetatively by roots or other=20 means?<BR>> <BR>> Nancy<BR>> <BR>> <BR>> -----<BR>> No = virus=20 found in this message.<BR>> Checked by AVG - <A=20 href=3D"http://www.avg.com">www.avg.com</A><BR>> Version: 2013.0.3392 = / Virus=20 Database: 3209/6546 - Release Date: 08/02/13<BR>></BODY></HTML> ------=_NextPart_000_2DF1_01CE93A9.78CA8F20--
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