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Index of Subjects This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_205D_01CE7C8F.1EB4B550 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Hello: July 9, 2013 No one has responded so I will start the ball rolling by quoting = Jonathan Swift; "So, naturalists observe, a flea / Hath smaller fleas = that on him prey;/ And these have smaller fleas to bite 'em / And so = proceed ad infinitum."=20 As a pure guess I suspect that 99 eggs out of 100 (999/1000 ?) in = natural environments never reach the airborne stage. Those laid in = relatively clean artificial pools (cans, tires, rain barrels) may do = better but in the absence of other prey must eat those that hatch later. Again, as a pure guess, I would expect aquatic insects (especially = larvae of Diving Beetles, Gyrinidae, Dragon Flies and Damsel Flies and = also perhaps immature and adult Hemiptera) small fish and Amphibians at = all stages to take their toll on egg rafts and mosquito larvae. Pupae = are sitting ducks for both aquatic and surface feeders. And once eclosed = they must run the gamut of air feeders; Dragon and Damsel Flies, some = Diptera perhaps, Swallows and Spiders. Most life cycles if submitted as an engineering plan, to recycle = solar energy, would never get off of the drawing board; just too = improbable. Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville =20 ----- Original Message -----=20 From: Dave&Jane Schlosberg=20 To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca=20 Sent: Monday, July 08, 2013 7:02 PM Subject: [NatureNS] Who are mosquito predators? What DOES eat mosquitoes? From: James W. Wolford=20 Sent: Monday, July 08, 2013 1:06 PM To: NatureNS ; Fred Scott=20 Subject: [NatureNS] re bats vs. mosquitoes? THANKS, FRED! from Jim et al. Begin forwarded message: From: fred scott <fwscott@eastlink.ca> Date: July 8, 2013 11:59:47 AM ADT To: Hugh Broders <Hugh.Broders@SMU.CA>, "James W. Wolford" = <jimwolford@eastlink.ca>, Nature BNS <nature@blomidonnaturalists.ca> Cc: Mark F Elderkin <elderkmf@gov.ns.ca>, Andrew Hebda = <HEBDAAJ@gov.ns.ca>, Donald McAlpine <Donald.McAlpine@nbm-mnb.ca> Subject: RE: re bats endangered -- good for other insectivores?? Hi all, Hugh is quite right. The idea that insectivorous bats in North = America feed on mosquitoes is a myth derived from a gross = misunderstanding of a single old paper that provided the numbers of = mosquitoes eaten in one night by a captive big brown bat (Eptesicus = fuscus). It would normally prey on much larger insects, but made do with = mosquitoes because that was all it was offered. Also, it is a much = larger animal than the little brown, long-eared and tricolored bats in = NS. In fact the vast majority of the feeding time of insectivorous bats = is spent well above the zones where mosquitoes are found. Even when bats = forage within a meter or two of the forest canopy, there are no = mosquitoes there because there are no sleeping warm-blooded animals in = the air=97they are all down in the foliage. The bats will take a = mosquito if they come across one, but to seek them out they would have = to dodge and flutter through cluttered environments under trees and = shrubs, or within a foot or two of the grass on fields or meadows, and = it wouldn't be an energetically efficient way to forage, especially for = such a small protein package.=20 It is also wrongly believed by many that swallows and swifts eats = large amounts of mosquitoes, but they normally feed high in the open = air, well away from any zone where mosquitoes would be hanging out. = Mosquitoes normally rest on vegetation until some disturbance or signal = that could mean a blood meal stimulates them to take wing and seek it = out. Cheers, Fred No virus found in this message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 2013.0.3349 / Virus Database: 3204/6473 - Release Date: = 07/08/13 ------=_NextPart_000_205D_01CE7C8F.1EB4B550 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML><HEAD> <META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dwindows-1252" = http-equiv=3DContent-Type> <META name=3DGENERATOR content=3D"MSHTML 8.00.6001.23501"> <STYLE></STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY=20 style=3D"WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; = -webkit-line-break: after-white-space"=20 dir=3Dltr bgColor=3D#ffffff> <DIV><FONT size=3D2>Hello: = =20 = =20 July 9, 2013</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2> No one has responded so I will = start the=20 ball rolling by quoting Jonathan Swift; "So, naturalists observe, a flea = / Hath=20 smaller fleas that on him prey;/ And these have smaller fleas to bite = 'em / And=20 so proceed <EM>ad infinitum</EM>." </FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2> As a pure guess I suspect that 99 = eggs out=20 of 100 (999/1000 ?) in natural environments never reach=20 the airborne stage. Those laid in relatively clean artificial pools = (cans,=20 tires, rain barrels) may do better but in the absence of other prey must = eat=20 those that hatch later.</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2> Again, as a pure guess, I would = expect=20 aquatic insects (especially larvae of Diving Beetles, Gyrinidae, Dragon = Flies=20 and Damsel Flies and also perhaps immature and adult = Hemiptera) small=20 fish and Amphibians at all stages to take their toll on egg rafts and = mosquito=20 larvae. Pupae are sitting ducks for both aquatic and surface = feeders. And=20 once eclosed they must run the gamut of air feeders; Dragon and Damsel=20 Flies, some Diptera perhaps, Swallows and = Spiders.</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2> Most life cycles if submitted as = an=20 engineering plan, to recycle solar energy, would never get off = of the=20 drawing board; just too improbable.</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT> </DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2>Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville</FONT></DIV> <DIV><FONT size=3D2> </FONT></DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE=20 style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; = PADDI