[NatureNS] Blue spotted Salamander

References: <4629ED14.12686.A0FE07@jtimpa.ns.sympatico.ca> <F0C755E5-0DDB-48B7-B4F1-805341E44016@ns.sympatico.ca> <462A257E.4080905@zdoit.airpost.net> <95DDFDE6-6D72-4119-9B85-6F11E98597B1@ns.sympatico.ca> <462A69C6.4050804@zdoit.airpost.net>
From: c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca
Date: Sat, 21 Apr 2007 17:53:06 -0300
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On 21-Apr-07, at 4:45 PM, Gerald Ruderman wrote:

>
> Chris,
>
> Thanks. The Wikipedia entry for triploid left me clueless.

Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in which females  
produce eggs that develop without fertilization.

Beyond that, you need to know what a chromosome is. Normal  
individuals have pairs of chromosomes; females have XX; males have  
XY. Two chromosomes = diploid. There are some females that have three  
chromosomes, XXX. three chromosomes = triploid, etc. (see polyploidy  
below). Such females can produce self-fertilized eggs. Normally  
meiosis (cell division to produce germ cells) produces haploid (=1/2  
the normal number of chromosomes) cells, but it works somewhat  
differently in triploid individuals. These individuals which develop  
from self-fertilized eggs are genetic duplicates of their mothers  
(clones) and create a line of female-only individuals.

For further information take a look at:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidy

Wikipedia is a useful way to learn things since all the words shown  
in blue are linked to entries that explain what they mean.  
Parthenogenesis is not that complicated a concept, but you need to  
know some basic genetics to get the gist of it.

Best wishes,

Chris

>
> c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca wrote:
>> Hi Gerald,
>>
>> These salamanders reproduce parthenogenetically. There is a detailed
>> description of the process of parthenogenesis in the Wikipedia at:
>>
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenogenesis
>>
>> I'm no longer 14, but it should not be difficult to understand so  
>> long
>> as one knows what a chromosome is.
>>
>> Best wishes,
>>
>> Chris

_._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._. 
_.
Christopher Majka - Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History
1747 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada  B3H 3A6
(902) 424-6435   Email <c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca>
_._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._. 
_.


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<HTML><BODY style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; =
-khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><BR><DIV><DIV>On 21-Apr-07, at =
4:45 PM, Gerald Ruderman wrote:</DIV><BR =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
">Chris,</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">Thanks. The Wikipedia entry for triploid left me =
clueless.</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>Parthenogenesis is a form =
of asexual reproduction in which females produce eggs that develop =
without fertilization.</DIV><DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>Beyond that, you need to =
know what a chromosome is. Normal individuals have pairs of chromosomes; =
females have XX; males have XY. Two chromosomes =3D diploid. There are =
some females that have three chromosomes, XXX. three chromosomes =3D =
triploid, etc. (see polyploidy below). Such females can produce =
self-fertilized eggs. Normally meiosis (cell division to produce germ =
cells) produces haploid (=3D1/2 the normal number of chromosomes) cells, =
but it works somewhat differently in triploid individuals. These =
individuals which develop from self-fertilized eggs are genetic =
duplicates of their mothers (clones) and create a line of female-only =
individuals.</DIV><DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>For further information =
take a look at:</DIV><DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><A =
href=3D"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki=
/Meiosis</A></DIV><DIV><A =
href=3D"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploidy">http://en.wikipedia.org/w=
iki/Polyploidy</A></DIV><DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>Wikipedia is a useful way =
to learn things since all the words shown in blue are linked to entries =
that explain what they mean. Parthenogenesis is not that complicated a =
concept, but you need to know some basic genetics to get the gist of =
it.</DIV><DIV><BR class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>Best =
wishes,</DIV><DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>Chris</DIV><BR><BLOCKQUOTE =
type=3D"cite"><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; "><A =
href=3D"mailto:c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca">c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca</A> =
wrote:</DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Hi =
Gerald,</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; ">These salamanders reproduce parthenogenetically. =
There is a detailed</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">description of the process =
of parthenogenesis in the Wikipedia at:</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A =
href=3D"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenogenesis">http://en.wikipedia.=
org/wiki/Parthenogenesis</A></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">I'm no longer 14, but it should =
not be difficult to understand so long</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">as one =
knows what a chromosome is.</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: =
14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Best wishes,</DIV><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; =
">Chris</DIV> </BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><DIV> <P =
style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Times" size=3D"3" =
style=3D"font: 12.0px =
Times">_._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._=
._._._.</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT =
face=3D"Times" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Times">Christopher Majka =
- Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: =
0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Times" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: =
12.0px Times">1747 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada<SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>B3H 3A6</FONT></P> <P =
style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Times" size=3D"3" =
style=3D"font: 12.0px Times">(902) 424-6435 <SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>Email &lt;<A =
href=3D"mailto:c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca">c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca</A>&gt;</F=
ONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Times"=
 size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px =
Times">_._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._=
._._._.</FONT></P>  </DIV><BR></BODY></HTML>=

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