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Index of Subjects --Apple-Mail-35-756362799 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; delsp=yes; format=flowed Hi Ian et al., On 27-Sep-06, at 5:09 PM, iamclar@dal.ca wrote: > Of course we'll never know how well "our" migrating Monarchs do in =20 > reaching > Mexico, given that most are marked in Ontario. But I suspect that =20 > ours, like > our avian migrants, are greatly over-represented here through the =20 > general > autumn pattern of southwestern, and later western, airflow to =20 > Atlantic Canada. > If so, they may be up against long odds in reaching their winter home. Mark Eldrikin has just drawn my attention to the following paper: Dockx, C., Brower, L.P., Wassenaar, L.I., and Hobsond, K.A. 2004. =20 Do North American Monarch butterflies travel to Cuba? Stable isotope =20 and chemical tracer techniques. 2004. Ecological Applications, 14(4): =20= 1106=E2=80=931114. The abstract of the paper is available at: http://www.esajournals.org/esaonline/?request=3Dget-=20 abstract&issn=3D1051-0761&volume=3D014&issue=3D04&page=3D1106 And says: "Abstract. Since the discovery of monarch butterfly (Danaus =20 plexippus) overwintering colonies in Mexico in the 1970s, it was =20 assumed that monarchs from eastern North America migrated only to =20 Mexico. This paper reveals that monarchs from Canada and the east =20 coast of the United States also regularly travel to Cuba during the =20 migration period. The natal grounds of Cuban monarchs were determined =20= through the combined use of stable hydrogen (=CE=B4D) and stable carbon =20= (=CE=B413C) isotope measurements and by cardenolide fingerprint analysis = =20 using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). "The TLC data revealed that there was an influx of migrants in =20 November to Cuba, and the stable isotope data revealed that migrant =20 Cuban monarchs originated from southeastern Canada and the eastern =20 United States. Our findings suggest that North American migrant =20 monarchs that move to Cuba hybridize with resident populations there =20 and do not return to the continent. The differences in the natal =20 grounds, migratory route, and reproductive stages between monarchs =20 wintering in Mexico and Cuba suggest that there are at least two =20 subpopulations of eastern North American monarchs. The extent to =20 which Cuba may act as a bridge for monarch movement to the Yucatan =20 and other Caribbean islands and the genetic impact of this newly =20 revealed flux in monarch movements remain to be determined." So, perhaps our Nova Scotia Monarchs are ending up in Cuba rather =20 than Michoacan? Cheers, Chris _._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._.=20= _. Christopher Majka - Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History 1747 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3A6 (902) 424-6435 Email <c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca> _._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._.=20= _. --Apple-Mail-35-756362799 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 <HTML><BODY style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; = -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; ">Hi Ian et = al.,<DIV><BR><DIV><DIV>On 27-Sep-06, at 5:09 PM, <A = href=3D"mailto:iamclar@dal.ca">iamclar@dal.ca</A> wrote:</DIV><BR = class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><DIV = style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; = margin-left: 0px; ">Of course we'll never know how well "our" migrating = Monarchs do in reaching</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; = margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Mexico, given = that most are marked in Ontario.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=C2=A0= </SPAN>But I suspect that ours, like</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: = 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">our = avian migrants, are greatly over-represented here through the = general</DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; = margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">autumn pattern of southwestern, = and later western, airflow to Atlantic Canada.<SPAN = class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</SPAN></DIV><DIV = style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; = margin-left: 0px; ">If so, they may be up against long odds in reaching = their winter home.</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><DIV><BR = class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>Mark Eldrikin has just = drawn my attention to the following paper:</DIV><DIV><BR = class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>=C2=A0Dockx, C., Brower, = L.P., Wassenaar, L.I., and Hobsond, K.A. 2004. Do North American Monarch = butterflies travel to Cuba? Stable isotope and chemical tracer = techniques. 2004. Ecological Applications, = 14(4):=C2=A01106=E2=80=931114.</DIV><DIV><BR = class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV>The abstract of the paper = is=C2=A0available at:</DIV><DIV><BR = class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><A = href=3D"http://www.esajournals.org/esaonline/?request=3Dget-abstract&issn=3D= 1051-0761&volume=3D014&issue=3D04&page=3D1106">http://www.esajournals.org/= esaonline/?request=3Dget-abstract&issn=3D1051-0761&volume=3D014&am= p;issue=3D04&page=3D1106</A></DIV><DIV><BR = class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>And says:</DIV><P><SPAN = class=3D"Apple-style-span"><I>"Abstract.</I>=C2=A0Since the discovery of = monarch butterfly (<I>Danaus plexippus</I>) overwintering colonies in = Mexico in the 1970s, it was assumed that monarchs from eastern North = America migrated only to Mexico. This paper reveals that monarchs from = Canada and the east coast of the United States also regularly travel to = Cuba during the migration period. The natal grounds of Cuban monarchs = were determined through the combined use of stable hydrogen (=CE=B4D) = and stable carbon (=CE=B413C) isotope measurements and by cardenolide = fingerprint analysis using thin-layer chromatography = (TLC).=C2=A0</SPAN></P><P><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span">"The TLC data = revealed that there was an influx of migrants in November to Cuba, and = the stable isotope data revealed that migrant Cuban monarchs originated = from southeastern Canada and the eastern United States. Our findings = suggest that North American migrant monarchs that move to Cuba hybridize = with resident populations there and do not return to the continent. The = differences in the natal grounds, migratory route, and reproductive = stages between monarchs wintering in Mexico and Cuba suggest that there = are at least two subpopulations of eastern North American monarchs. The = extent to which Cuba may act as a bridge for monarch movement to the = Yucatan and other Caribbean islands and the genetic impact of this newly = revealed flux in monarch movements remain to be = determined."</SPAN></P><P>So, perhaps our Nova Scotia Monarchs are = ending up in Cuba rather than = Michoacan?</P><P>Cheers,</P><P>Chris</P><DIV><DIV> <P style=3D"margin: = 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Times" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: = 12.0px = Times">_._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._= ._._._.</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT = face=3D"Times" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Times">Christopher Majka = - Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: = 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Times" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: = 12.0px Times">1747 Summer Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada<SPAN = class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=C2=A0 </SPAN>B3H 3A6</FONT></P> <P = style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Times" size=3D"3" = style=3D"font: 12.0px Times">(902) 424-6435 <SPAN = class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=C2=A0 </SPAN>Email <<A = href=3D"mailto:c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca">c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca</A>></F= ONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Times"= size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px = Times">_._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._= ._._._.</FONT></P> </DIV><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>= --Apple-Mail-35-756362799--
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