[NatureNS] Whale-sniffing dog works the poop deck [right whale research] -

Date: Tue, 08 Aug 2006 11:05:24 -0300
From: Jim Wolford <jimwolford@eastlink.ca>
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[This front-page story was accompanied on p. 2 by a wonderful photo of the
Rottweiler on the edge of the boat staring down at the massive head of a
North Atlantic right whale.  Photo was credited to New England Aquarium. JW]
----------

HALIFAX HERALD, Monday August 7, 2006

Whale-sniffing dog works the poop deck

By ALISON AULD The Canadian Press

ADVERTISEMENT

Peering out over the bow of a motorboat, Fargo points his snout into the
wind and wags his stubby tail as he locks onto a scent far out in the Bay of
Fundy.

The black and tan Rottweiler stiffens and his ears press forward when he
homes in on his catch, giving scientists on board a clear path to the foul
prey bobbing in the water.

As he draws nears, the burly dog hooks his paws onto the edge of the boat
and sticks his hindquarters up in the air, indicating heıs tracked what has
become a critical piece of the puzzle surrounding the health of the
endangered right whale ‹ its poop.

"Itıs a wild idea, but itıs amazing how well it works and thereıs something
so satisfying about using the skills of a dog to learn more about an animal
like a right whale," said Roz Rolland, a senior whale scientist with the New
England Aquarium in Boston, Mass.

"Itıs a big game of hide and seek for him. He loves it."

For the fourth year in a row, Fargo will steer Rolland and her crew to
fields of whale dung as part of an oddball science that is yielding
important clues as to why there are only 350 North Atlantic right whales
left in the world.

Rolland says Fargo and Bob, another former drug-detection pooch who has
since retired from the research project, have allowed her to collect much
more whale scat than before, when she had to rely on happenstance and her
own nose to find it.

And for scientists, the brown, orange and neon red feces known for its
"uniquely horrible odour" could unlock mysteries about the whalesı
reproductive health, its eating habits and what diseases are affecting the
fragile population.

"We are getting amazing results," Rolland said, adding that the samples are
so pungent sheıs been tempted to burn her clothes after coming in contact
with them.

"Weıve got access now to all this information about the physiology of these
animals and about threats to their health and reproduction that five years
ago we didnıt have. All we knew was that they werenıt reproducing and we
didnıt have a clue what was going on."

Hormones in the feces can reveal a variety of things: whether a whale is
pregnant or lactating; if itıs reached sexual maturity; and whether it has
been affected by a slew of biotoxins, such as red tide, that have killed and
been found to cause abortions in other marine mammals.

In a new project, Rolland says the unseemly stuff is being used to identify
specific whales through DNA matching that will add to the growing databank
on the entire North Atlantic right whale population.

Scientists are hoping the data will help explain why right whales arenıt
reproducing as well as their southern cousins, whose population is booming
with a reproduction rate of about eight per cent a year. If North Atlantic
right whales were reproducing at the same rate, there would be about 30 new
calves a year rather than the current annual average of 12.

Rolland said she came up with the idea of enlisting dogs to find the samples
at a time when whale reproduction was crashing, with only one calf being
born in 2000. 

Desperate to find out what was happening to the slow-moving giants, she
talked to Sam Wasser, a researcher based in Washington who had been using
canines to find scat samples on land.

Wasser came to her research station in Lubec, Maine, in 2001 and suggested
the dogs would be perfect for the work since they have a sense of smell that
is possibly a million times stronger than humansı.

"I said, ŒAre you out of your mind, people already think Iım crazy for
collecting right whale scat,ı " she said.

"But it made sense because theyıre just amazingly acute in terms of their
sense of smell and so accurate that they can take us right to that spot in
this huge body of water.

"They live in a world of scent that we can only imagine."

Rolland, who receives funding from the National Marine Fisheries Service in
the U.S., estimates Fargo can smell samples at least two kilometres away,
even if there are only a few flecks left after the bulk of it has sunk.

The feces samples have provided a whole new repository of information that
only years ago were not available. Back then, scientists relied on blubber
samples that yielded little data on DNA. Necropsies on dead whales were also
limited because the animals and their organs were so decomposed by the time
researchers found them.

Fargo, a purebred Rottweiler, was trained as a drug dog, but Rolland says
when that didnıt work out he was sent to the Rockies to track grizzlies.

His handlers, however, found that the husky beast overheated on the job and
he had to look for other work.

His trainer and owner, Barbara Davenport of Washington, thought the ocean
climate would suit the middle-aged dog better.

She got in touch with Rolland, who outfitted the dog with a special harness
and life-jacket, and then trained him by floating jars of scat on the water
and getting the dog to find them.

"In the beginning, that was a little challenging because we had to make sure
they didnıt leap off the boat," she said, laughing. "Itıs kind of funny ‹
the stronger the scent, the faster his tail wags and then we steer by his
nose."

And Fargoıs reward for leading the team to a field of their prized
scientific catch?

A plain yellow tennis ball he plays with until another whiff of the fetid
muck comes his way.


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