VIRUS: FWD: Loan Fund Study: Counting on Local Capital (fwd)

Date: Tue, 24 Dec 2002 09:07:38 -0400
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---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>
Date: Fri, 02 Apr 1999 18:50:58 -0500<br>
From: William Myers <WMyers@alternatives.org><br>
To: communitydevelopmentbanking-l@cornell.edu<br>
Subject: FWD: Loan Fund Study: Counting on Local Capital<br>
<br>
A Newsletter from the Center for Community Economic Development;<br>
Community, Natural Resource and Economic Development Programs, and<br>
University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative Extension Service.<br>
<br>
"Alice Justice/CCED" <JUSTICE@AAE.WISC.EDU>  CENewsletter<br>
<br>
 No. 270                      April 1999<br>
<br>
<br>
Counting on Local Capital<br>
by Andrea Levere, Terry Gillen, & Kent Marcoux*<br>
<br>
Twenty-five years ago, when entrepreneurs needed money to start or expand a=
<br>
business, they had three options: utilize personal funds, borrow from famil=
y<br>
or friends, or secure a loan from a local bank.<br>
<br>
Today, small businesses seek financing instead from an increasingly powerfu=
l<br>
source: revolving loan funds (RLFs) housed in public sector or nonprofit<br>
economic and community development organizations.<br>
<br>
CFED conducted a survey of federally funded projects.  They received at lea=
st<br>
a portion of their funding from ARC, SBA, EDA, HUD, HHS, & USDA.<br>
<br>
For purposes of the project, RLF's are defined as follows: Revolving loan<b=
r>
funds are independent, unregulated financial entities designed to fill gaps=
 in<br>
the private capital markets.  Their mission is to lend capital for business=
 or<br>
economic development with the goal of preserving the capital through pruden=
t<br>
lending and portfolio management practices.<br>
<br>
Some  RLF's target microenterprises and others do not.  The differences<br>
between lending practices of the two groups is dramatic: the average loan s=
ize<br>
for microenterprise programs was $16,039 compared to $51,725 for all RLF's =
and<br>
$77,162 for non-microenterprise RLF's.  At the same time, the average numbe=
r<br>
of loans for a microenterprise RLF was 37, almost three times higher than f=
or<br>
the rest of the funds.<br>
<br>
How are RLF's Performing: Default ratios are the only measure of performanc=
e<br>
that was reported and collected by the six federal agencies, none of the<br>
federal agencies collected data on delinquency rates on a consistent basis.=
<br>
The majority of RLF's have reasonably low default rates.  The average defau=
lt<br>
rate was 9.26% and the median default rate was 5.58%.  Although the default=
<br>
rates within the sample range from 0 to 65 percent, nearly half of the fund=
s<br>
two years old or older had default rates below 6 percent.  These rates are<=
br>
higher than those reported by commercial banks (which reported charge-offs =
for<br>
their portfolios of one to two percent in the 1990s).  However, since the<b=
r>
mission of RLF's is to fill gaps in the capital markets by financing<br>
businesses that do not qualify for conventional financing--presumably becau=
se<br>
private lenders perceive them to be too risky--the management challenge for=
<br>
RLF's is to sustain a default rate that will be higher than many banks', bu=
t<br>
to keep it low enough so that it does not threaten the organization's<br>
financial viability.<br>
<br>
What Is the Impact on Development?: Job creation data for 356 RLFs, or 60<b=
r>
percent of the funds in the federal census shows that these funds created o=
r<br>
retained 202,141 jobs, averaging 568 jobs per fund at a cost of $5,388 per<=
br>
job.  The cumulative dollars per job figures, which range from $5,290 to<br>
$6,476 per job created, are very similar to figures found in previous RLF<b=
r>
research studies.<br>
<br>
Summary of Findings<br>

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