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Notices; Optimized for the MS Edge
Lake Means & Guidelines | Lake & Specifics | References & Notes |
---|---|---|
85 SD 192 | 175 Halifax Co. lakes | Alexander et al, 1986 |
89 SD 279 | 781 Nova Scotia lakes | Alexander et al, 1986 |
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
10.6 SD 8.4
175 Halifax Co. lakes
Alexander et al, 1986
8.2 SD 6.8
772 Nova Scotia lakes
Alexander et al, 1986
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
3.1 SD 2.4
118 Halifax Co. lakes
Alexander et al, 1986
2.8 SD 2.1
660 Nova Scotia lakes
Alexander et al, 1986
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
mean=2.7
(<1 - 5)22 pristine Halifax Co. clear-water lakes (Dec. 1984)
Data
from John Underwood (pers. comm. Feb. 1994); Lakes Jack, Bayers,
Susies, Bell, Paces, Kearney, Grand [Preston], Eagle, Long [Preston],
Horseshoe, Uniacke, Cochran, Lewis [Kearney watershed], McQuade,
Anderson, Spruce Hill, Ragged, Cooper, Otter, Land of Laziness, Coxs,
and Long
4
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events; TSI[TP]=24,
TSI[Cha]=24])
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
5
Clear-water Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events; TSI[TP]=27,
TSI[Cha]=34)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, Mandell (1994)
6
Clear-water Bell Lake (1990; 3 events; TSI[TP]=30,
TSI[Cha]=26)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, SWCS (1991)
2
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events; TSI[TP]=14,
TSI[Cha]=11])
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
3.8
Clear-water Beaverskin Lake (near surf. yearly means;
TSI[TP]=23, TSI[Cha]=34])
Undisturbed clear-water lake in a National Park, Kerekes
(1975)
6.6, 6.0
Clear-water
Beaverskin Lake (May-April 1979-80: TSI[TP]=31, TSI[Cha]=32]; May-April
1980-81: TSI[TP]=30, TSI[Cha]=31]; wtd. means)
Undisturbed clear-water lake in a National Park, Beauchamp
and
Kerekes (1989)
mean= 7.1
(3- 17)14 Halifax County Coloured-water lakes (Dec. 1984)
Data
from John Underwood (pers, comm. Feb. 1994), Lakes Spectacle, Howe,
O'Brien, Kidston, Hubley's Big, Peters [Eastern Shore], Big Bridge Bog
Pond, Welsh, Long Canal, Purcell's Pond, Duncan's Pond, Fink Pond,
Black, and Silver
9.1
Coloured-water Kejimkujik Lake (near surf. yearly means)
Undisturbed, colored-water lake in a National Park, Kerekes
(1975)
10.4, 10.4
Coloured-water Kejimkujik Lake (May-April 1979-80, May-April
1980-81, wtd. means)
Undisturbed, colored-water lake in a National Park, Beauchamp
and Kerekes (1989)
5 to 10
17 Keji Park lakes
Kerekes. 1975
Environment Canada, 2004: Canadian Guidance
Framework
< 4
Ultra-oligotrophic
Almost nil impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
4-10
Oligo-mesotrophic
Little impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
10-35
Meso-eutrophic
Variable impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
35-100
Eutrophic
Great impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
> 100
Hypereutrophic
Extreme impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
OECD Management Model:
There is no possibility of defining strict boundary values between
trophic categories. This model incorporates the class midpoints for
mean TP and mean Ch-a
mean < 2.5
Ultra-oligotrophic
Almost nil impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean = 2.5-8
Oligotrophic
Little impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean = 8-25
Mesotrophic
Variable impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean= 25-80
Eutrophic
Great impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean > 80
Hypertrophic
Extreme impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
1.2
Natural lakes of Nova Scotia
Underwood and Josselyn, 1979
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.001 SD 0.001
234 N.S. lakes
Underwood et al, 1986
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.53
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events; TSI[TP]=24,
TSI[Cha]=24)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
1.41
Clear-water Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events; TSI[TP]=27,
TSI[Cha]=34)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, Mandell (1994)
0.6
Clear-water Bell Lake (1990; 3 events; TSI[TP]=30,
TSI[Cha]=26)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, SWCS (1991)
0.14
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events; TSI[TP]=14,
TSI[Cha]=11])
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
1.4
Clear-water Beaverskin Lake (near surf. yearly means;
TSI[TP]=23, TSI[Cha]=34])
Undisturbed clear-water lake in a National Park, Kerekes
(1975)
1.20, 1.03
Clear-water Beaverskin Lake (May-April 1979-80: TSI[TP]=31,
TSI[Cha]=32; May-April 1980-81: TSI[TP]=30, TSI[Cha]=31)
Undisturbed, clear-water lake in a National Park, Beauchamp
and Kerekes (1989)
2.1
Coloured-water Kejimkujik Lake (near surf. yearly means)
Undisturbed, colored-water lake in a National Park, Kerekes
(1975)
1.16, 0.93
Coloured-water Kejimkujik Lake (May-April 1979-80, May-April
1980-81, wtd. means)
Undisturbed, colored-water lake in a National Park, Beauchamp
and Kerekes (1989)
1.8 (1 to 3)
17 Keji Park lakes
Kerekes, 1975
1.3
5 Terra Nova Park lakes, NFLD
Kerekes, 1975
3
Lakes in the Canadian Shield in NW Ontario
Kerekes, 1975
Environment Canada, 2004: Canadian Guidance
Framework
< 1
Ultra-oligotrophic
Almost nil impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
< 2.5
Oligo-mesotrophic
Little impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
2.5-8
Meso-eutrophic
Variable impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
8-25
Eutrophic
Great impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
> 25
Hypereutrophic
Extreme impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
OECD Management Model:
There is no possibility of defining strict boundary values between
trophic categories. This model incorporates the class midpoints for
mean TP and mean Ch-a
mean < 0.7
Ultra-oligotrophic
Almost nil impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean = 0.7-2.1
Oligotrophic
Little impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean = 2.1-6.25
Mesotrophic
Variable impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean= 6.25-19.2
Eutrophic
Great impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean > 19.2
Hypertrophic
Extreme impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.73
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events; TSI[TP]=24,
TSI[Cha]=24)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
3.33
Clear-water Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events; TSI[TP]=27;
TSI[Cha]=34)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, Mandell (1994)
0.74
Clear-water Bell Lake (1990; 3 events; TSI[TP]=30,
TSI[Cha]=26)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, SWCS (1991)
0.23
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events; TSI[TP]=14,
TSI[Cha]=11])
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
3.27, 2.24
Beaverskin Lake (May-April 1979-80: TSI[TP]=31, TSI[Cha]=32;
May-April 1980-81: TSI[TP]=30, TSI[Cha]=31)
Undisturbed, clear-water lake in a National Park, Beauchamp
and Kerekes (1989)
2.80, 1.92
Coloured-water Kejimkujik Lake (May-April 1979-80, May-April
1980-81)
Undisturbed, colored-water lake in a National Park, Beauchamp
and Kerekes (1989)
Environment Canada, 2004: Canadian Guidance
Framework
< 2.5
Ultra-oligotrophic
Almost nil impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
< 8
Oligo-mesotrophic
Little impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
8-25
Meso-eutrophic
Variable impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
25-75
Eutrophic
Great impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
> 75
Hypereutrophic
Extreme impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.19 SD 0.09
37 pristine Halifax Co. lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.), Jan. 1994
0.09
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
0.06
Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth. Mandell (1994)
0.2
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
0.145, 0.152
Beaverskin Lake (May-April 1979-80, May-April 1980-81, wtd.
means)
Undisturbed, clear-water lake in a National Park, Beauchamp
and Kerekes (1989)
0.17, 0.17
Coloured-water Kejimkujik Lake (May-April 1979-80, May-April
1980-81, wtd. means)
Undisturbed, colored-water lake in a National Park, Beauchamp
and Kerekes (1989)
≤0.3
Oligotrophic systems
Underwood & Josselyn, 1979
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.02 SD 0.03
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.) Jan, 1994
<0.19
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro, Kerekes et al, 1986
10.0 as N
Drinking Water- Maximum Acceptable Concentration
CCME- Where both nitrate and nitrite are present the total
nitrate- plus nitrite-nitrogen should not exceed 10
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.06
Freshwater Aquatic Life
CCME guidelines
1.0 as N
Drinking Water- Maximum Acceptable Concentration
CCME- Where both nitrate and nitrite are present the total
nitrate- plus nitrite-nitrogen should not exceed 10
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.007 SD 0.019
37 pristine Halifax Co. lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
2.9
N.S. Average
Underwood & Josselyn, 1979
Minimum visibility at 1.2
Recreational Water Quality
CCME guidelines
Environment Canada, 2004: Canadian Guidance
Framework
mean > 12
min. > 6Ultra-oligotrophic
Almost nil impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean > 6
min. > 3Oligo-mesotrophic
Little impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean = 6-3
min. = 3-1.5Meso-eutrophic
Variable impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean= 3-1.5
min. = 1.5-0.7Eutrophic
Great impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
mean < 1.5
min. < 0.7Hypereutrophic
Extreme impairment of multi-purpose use of lake
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.92 SD 0.45 NTU
37 pristine Halifax Co. lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
1.05 SD 0.60 NTU
234 N.S. lakes
Underwood et al, 1986
1
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
1
Clear-water Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, Mandell (1994)
0
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
5.0 NTU maximum increase
Recreational Water Quality
CCME guidelines- Maximum allowable increase over natural
turbidity
when turbidity is low (<50 NTU)
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
3
Average background conc. of N.S. lakes
Hinch
& Underwood, 1985 (SS is the component of total residue retained by
a 0.45 µm filter and may consist of clay, silt, finely divided organics
and inorganics, planktonic and microscopic organisms)
Maximum increase of 10.0
Freshwater Aquatic Life
CCME guidelines- when background suspended solids ≤100.0
Maximum increase of 10% above background
Freshwater Aquatic Life
CCME guidelines- when background suspended solids >100.0
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
<30
Natural background
levels as a result of land drainage from natural sources such as
weathering of rock, `waters in contact with granite`, siliceous sand,
well-baked soil, or other relatively soluble material
Hinch
& Underwood, 1985 (TDS is the component of total residue that
passes through a 0.45 µm filter and refers primarily to inorganic salts
and organic matter dissolved in water. Principal ions that contribute
to TDS include: CO3, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3,
Na, K, Ca, and Mg)
20
(12.45-86.14)Average for pristine N.S. lakes
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
500
Maximum Canadian objective drinking water standard
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
45 SD 48 TCU
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John
Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan. 1994 (True color [TCU] results from
dissolved substances in solution. One source, the humic substances
[resulting from decay or aqueous extraction of natural vegetation] are
of environmental significance since they tend to absorb a variety of
organic substances as well as bind aluminum, many of which have toxic
properties. Apparent color [Hazen U] results from suspended or
colloidal matter [Health & Welfare Canada, 1980 per Hinch &
Underwood, 1985])
5
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
5
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
2
Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth. Mandell (1994)
4
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
44.5 SD 54.6 TCU
234 N.S. lakes
Underwood et al, 1986
15 TCU
Drinking Water- Maximum Acceptable Concentration
CCME guidelines
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
8 (0.7 - 20)
Pristine N.S. lakes
Hinch
& Underwood, 1985 (TOC= suspended + dissolved organic constituents.
High TOC values are commonly due to humic substances. Although not in
itself a hazard, organic material may provide precursors of potentially
harmful contaminants since humic acids tend to firmly adsorb or complex
organic and inorganic pollutants and metals)
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
6.5 SD 6.4
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm. Jan, 1994)
2.7
Susies Lake (Dec, 1985)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Urban et al, 1990
1.8
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
0.3
Clear-water Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, Mandell (1994)
0.45
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
5.73 SD 3.57
234 N.S. lakes
Underwood et al, 1986
5.0
Drinking Water
OME- Aesthetic Objective
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
62.5 SD 32.0
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John
Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994. (Conductivity is the ability of a
substance to conduct an electric current [per Hinch & Underwood,
1985])
45.6
Susies Lake (Dec. 1985)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Urban et al, 1990
58.0 SD 74.8
159 Halifax County lakes
Alexander et al, 1986
33
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
49
Clear-water Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, Mandell (1994)
500
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
69.5 SD 493.0
638 N.S. lakes
Alexander et al, 1986
46.9 SD 23.8
234 N.S. lakes
Underwood et al, 1986
<5
Distilled water
20 to 40
Keji Park lakes
Tordon (Environment Canada)
70 to 90
Halifax City tapwater
McCarthy
30,000 +
Seawater
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
4.9 SD 0.56
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
4.8 (calculated from ueq/l)
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
5.32
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
5.67
Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth. Mandell (1994)
5.21
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
5.7 SD 0.57
234 N.S. lakes
Underwood et al, 1986
6.2 SD 0.6
167 Halifax County lakes
Alexander et al, 1986
6.2 SD 0.8
730 N.S. lakes
Alexander et al, 1986
5.0 to 9.0
Recreational Water Quality
CCME guidelines
6.5 to 9.0
Freshwater Aquatic Life
CCME guidelines
6.5 to 8.5
Drinking Water- Maximum Acceptable Concentration
CCME guidelines
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
5.9 SD 2.2
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
4.79 (calculated from ueq/l)
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
6
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
9.6
Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth. Mandell (1984)
39
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
500
Drinking Water- Maximum Acceptable Concentration
CCME guidelines
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.19 SD 0.38
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John
Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994 (Alk. is the capacity of a solution
to neutralize acid to a designated pH [per Hinch & Underwood,
1985])
0
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
0.09
Clear-water Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, Mandell (1994)
0
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
No decrease >25%
Water Quality Objectives
OME- should not be decreased by more than 25% of the natural
concentration
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
80-100
Acceptable balance between corrosion and incrustration
Hinch
& Underwood, 1985 (Hardness is a traditional measure of the
capacity of water to react with soap. In freshwaters, the principal
hardness-causing ions are Ca and Mg neither of which are considered
concerns to health)
0-60
Soft water
Health & Welfare Canada, 1980 (per Hinch & Underwood,
1985)
60-120
Medium hard Water
Health & Welfare Canada, 1980 (per Hinch & Underwood,
1985)
120-180
Hard water
Health & Welfare Canada, 1980 (per Hinch & Underwood,
1985)
180 and above
Very hard water
Health & Welfare Canada, 1980 (per Hinch & Underwood,
1985)
7.1 SD 4.1
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
10.3 SD 6.7
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John
Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994 (At 250 mg/l, salty taste may occur
when the cation is Na. A high Cl content is known to harm metallic
pipes as well as agricultural plants. Environmentally, Cl is a useful
indicator of the effectiveness of lake mixing and dilution [per Hinch
& Underwood, 1985])
4.08 (calculated from ueq/l)
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
6.2
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
9
Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth. Mandell (1994)
148
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
250
Drinking Water- Maximum Acceptable Concentration
CCME
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
6.3 SD 4.1
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
3.6 (calculated from ueq/l)
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
3.8
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
4.9
Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth. Mandell (1994)
88
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.41 SD 0.15
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
0.14 (calculated from ueq/l)
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
0.39
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
0.73
Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth. Mandell (1994)
4.5
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
1.6 SD 0.95
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
0.88 (calculated from ueq/l)
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
1.4
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
2.6
Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth.Mandell (1994)
13
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.78 SD 0.41
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
0.44 (calculated from ueq/l)
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
1
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
1
Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Relatively undisturbed, clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth.
Mandell (1994)
2
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.073 (calculated from ueq/l)
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
0.06
Clear-water Pockwock Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, water supply lake in Hammonds Plains, Mandell
(1994)
0.04
Clear-water Bell Lake (1991-92; 30 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Dartmouth, Mandell (1994)
0.1
Clear-water Chocolate Lake (1991-92; 4 events)
Clear-water, urban lake in Halifax, Mandell (1994)
0.3
Freshwater Aquatic Life
CCME
0.3
Drinking Water- Maximum Acceptable Concentration
CCME
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.06 (<0.01-1.2)
Average in N.S. lakes
Hinch
& Underwood, 1985 (Mn does not occur naturally as a metal but is
present in over 100 common salts and minerals in rocks, soils, and on
the floors of lakes and oceans. In natural waters, generally <0.05.
Higher levels are either associated with industrial pollution or with
reducing conditions such as exist underground and in some lakes and
reservoirs [per Health & Welfare Canada, 1980])
0.0715
Susies Lake (Dec. 1985)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Urban et al, 1990
0.05
Drinking Water- Maximum Acceptable Concentration
CCME
(Mn is one of the elements least toxic to mammals. At levels exceeding
0.15, Mn stains plumbing fixtures and laundry and causes
undesirable tastes in beverages. It is difficult to remove Mn at
conc.<0.05 [Health & Welfare Canada, 1980 per Hinch &
Underwood, 1985])
<0.01
Objective conc. (because of potential deposition and staining
even at the max. acceptable level)
Health & Welfare Canada, 1980 (per Hinch & Underwood,
1985)
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.145 (0.008-0.55)
Average background level for N.S. lakes
Hinch & Underwood, 1985 (Al- the third most abundant of
elements in
the earth's crust)
0.230 (calculated from ueq/l)
Susies Lake (1980-83)
Undisturbed lake in Halifax Metro. Kerekes et al, 1986
0.005
Freshwater Aquatic Life
CCME (pH<6.5; Ca2+<4.0 mg/l; DOC<2.0
mg/l)
0.1
Freshwater Aquatic Life
CCME (pH≥6.5; Ca2+≥4.0 mg/l; DOC≥2.0 mg/l)
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
<0.002
37 pristine Halifax County lakes (Dec. 1984)
John Underwood (pers. comm.). Jan, 1994
≤0.005
Objective conc. in drinking water
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
0.05
Maximum acceptable conc. in drinking water
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.017
Average conc. in N.S. lakes
Hinch & Underwood, 1985 (Ca and SO4 are
commonly associated with Ba as
CO3 and sandstones)
1.0
Maximum acceptable conc. in drinking water
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
≤0.1
Objective conc. in drinking water
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.005 - 0.008
Average value in natural waters is less than the detection
limit
Hinch
& Underwood, 1985. (Cd is a relatively rare element and is
nonetheless commonly found in association with Cu, Pb, and Zn. Surface
waters having more than a few µgCd/l have probably been contaminated by
industrial wastes [from metallurgical plants, plating works, plants
manufacturing cadmium pigments, textile operations, cadmium-stabilized
plastics or nickel cadmium batteries], or by effluents from sewage
treatment plants)
0.7
Average value in N.S. lake sediments
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
0.005
Maximum acceptable conc. in drinking water
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
≤0.001
Objective conc. in drinking water
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
<0.01 - 0.08
N.S. lake averages
Hinch & Underwood, 1985 (majority of Co readings in N.S.
lakes are below the detection limit of 0.01)
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.011
(<0.005 - 0.17)Average conc. in N.S. lakes
Hinch & Underwood, 1985 (Cu is ubiquitous [found
everywhere] in the
environment)
1.0
Maximum acceptable conc. in drinking water
Hinch
& Underwood, 1985 (At higher concentrations Cu stains laundry and
plumbing fixtures, and may also impart an undesirable taste to the
water and enhance corrosion of Al and Zn)
<1.0
Objective conc. in drinking water
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.008 (<0.05-0.03)
N.S. lake averages
Hinch & Underwood, 1985 (Lead is considered a ubiquitous
element in the environment)
0.05
Maximum acceptable drinking water standard
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
≤0.001
Objective conc. in drinking water
Lake Means & Guidelines
Lake & Specifics
References & Notes
0.014 (<0.01-0.22)
Average in N.S. lakes
Hinch
& Underwood, 1985 (Zn is an abundant element in the earth. In
addition, various industrial and domestic emissions contribute
considerable amounts to the air and water environment [primary iron and
steel production, primary copper and nickel production, fuel combustion
of coal and heavy oils, solid waste incineration, transportation, and
pesticide application are all potential contributors])
5.0
Maximum acceptable conc. in drinking water
Hinch & Underwood, 1985 (In excess of 5 mg/l, water has
an undesirable taste, and may develop a greasy film when boiled)
<5.0
Objective conc. in drinking water
Hinch & Underwood, 1985
Freshwater Aquatic Life
DO conc. in mg/l (CCME)
Categories of biota
Early life stages
Other life stages
Warm-water
6
5
Cold-water
9.5 (6.5)
6.5
(6.5- interstitial water of the
gravel)
Freshwater Aquatic Life
DO limits (Davis, NRCC in CCME)
Temperature
Warm-water biota
Cold-water biota
Primarily salmonids
oC
% Sat.
mg/l
% Sat.
mg/l
% Sat.
mg/l
0
47
7
54
8
57
8
5
47
6
54
7
57
7
10
47
5
54
6
57
6
15
47
5
54
6
59
6
20
47
4
57
5
65
6
25
48
4
63
5
72
6
Guidelines
Specifics
Reference
The geometric mean of at least 5 samples taken during a
period of 30 days should not exceed 2000 E. coli per litre
Recreational Water Quality
CCME
Guidelines
Specifics
Reference
The geometric mean of at least 5 samples taken during a
period of 30 days should not exceed 350 enterococci per litre
Recreational Water Quality
CCME
Guidelines
Specifics
References
a) No sample should contain more than 10 total coliform
organisms per 100 ml;
b) not more than 10% of the samples taken in a 30 day period should
show the presence of coliforms;
c) not more than two consecutive samples from the same site should show
the presence of coliforms; and
d) none of the coliform organisms detected should be fecal coliformsDrinking Water- Maximum Acceptable Concentration
CCME
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