[NatureNS] Captive breeding and release of monarch butterflies

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From: Stephen Shaw <srshaw@Dal.Ca>
To: "naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>,
Thread-Topic: Captive breeding and release of monarch butterflies
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Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2019 01:57:29 +0000
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I noticed the announcement below just after reading a recent review by Kare=
n Oberhauser [reference 1] of some current research by others [ref 2] on mo=
narch migration.  The topic has been discussed before on NatureNS and seems=
 worth a comment here.

Early stages of monarchs can be purchased to be bred through and released b=
y schools and others, with educational benefits for students, but with unex=
pected deleterious consequences.  Specimens of this origin are genetically =
far removed from other known wild migratory populations, and don=92t migrat=
e.  That is, when tested in a "flight simulator=94, monarchs bred from such=
 sources did not show any directional migratory flight either in summer, or=
 more relevantly in October when migration normally starts.  By contrast, w=
ild-caught, wild-reared  individuals from the east do orient in October as =
if to head south, as expected.  The commercial monarchs apparently fly off =
in all directions so won=92t get back to Mexico to overwinter.   This pract=
ice of captive-breeding and release is even argued to possibly damage the r=
eal wild migratory populations by dilutional breeding-in of non-migratory g=
enes [ref 1], though I couldn=92t see the logic of this if none of the faux=
 specimens ever actually reach Mexico.

Even worse, and relevant to collection and protection of wild local caterpi=
llars:  wild larvae =93rescued=94 and then reared in captivity indoors also=
 lost their ability to orient south in the fall, under the two breeding reg=
imes tested in [2].  The reason offered is that two triggers normally coope=
rate to eventually release the innate ability to orient south:  gradually d=
eclining autumnal day-length, and substantial day-night temperature fluctua=
tion.  Neither of these triggers will be reproduced if wild larvae are coll=
ected then reared in fairly constant conditions indoors, for future release=
 in October.

Only wild-rescued monarch larvae reared outdoors allowed them to develop an=
d express their innate migratory ability in the Fall.  Taking wild larvae i=
ndoors to protect and breed them through in relatively constant conditions =
and then release them is not only useless but actually harmful to populatio=
n success overall.  It ensures that while they fly away blissfully when rel=
eased, none will migrate directionally, whereas most would have headed sout=
h with some percentage success if they had been left to pupate outdoors, un=
disturbed.  Failure of any of these monarchs to arrive obviously will reduc=
e the already-challenged overwintering Mexican population.

The road to hell is paved with good intentions, perhaps.

Migratory ability is fragile and can disappear quite easily if interfered w=
ith.  Oberhauser suggests that focussing on protecting existing and creatin=
g new appropriate habitat will be the most helpful way to support future he=
althy monarch populations.

[1] Oberhauser, K. (26 Sept 2019). Captivity concerns for monarch butterfli=
es.  Nature 573: 501-2.  (Be aware of some bizarre syntax though =97 for in=
stance, the triple negative in her very last sentence in fact contradicts t=
he substance of the review).

[2] Tenger-Trolander, A., Lu, W., Noyes, M., & Kronforst, M.R. (2019) Conte=
mporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies.  Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U=
SA 116: 14671-6.

Steve (Hfx)
 ---------------------------------------------------------------
On Oct 18, 2019, at 9:40 PM, Soren Bondrup-Nielsen <soren@bondrup.com<mailt=
o:soren@bondrup.com>> wrote:

Please see below. It=92s worth attending.
Soren

Begin forwarded message:
From: Judy Lipp <judylipp@gmail.com<mailto:judylipp@gmail.com>>
Subject: FSA party is on for Sat Oct 19th - come send off the Monarchs
Date: October 18, 2019 at 9:22:47 PM ADT
To: Flying Squirrel Adventures <valleyflyingsquirrels@gmail.com<mailto:vall=
eyflyingsquirrels@gmail.com>>

Hi everyone,
<image.png>things are lining up for a sweet gathering at the Ravine tomorro=
w (Sat, Oct 19th).  We've got another fun nature challenge suited to all ag=
es, live music with Heather Kelday, hot cider and popcorn and a Monarch sen=
d-off ceremony + some give aways.

We hope you'll join us for some or all of the festivities
Meet at the upper parking lot, Kentville Ravine, 10 am - 12:30 pm

And if you can't make it, our next outing is on Saturday November 16th in t=
he Ravine.

Wishing all a lovely weekend
Judy

--
Judy Lipp
Program Coordinator
Flying Squirrel Adventures
https://valleyflyingsquirrel.wordpress.com/

Flying Squirrel Adventures is a free outdoor nature program for young and o=
ld in the heart of the Valley.
_______________________________________________
BNS mailing list
BNS@nature1st.net<mailto:BNS@nature1st.net>
http://nature1st.net/mailman/listinfo/bns_nature1st.net


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I noticed the announcement below just after reading a recent review by Kare=
n Oberhauser [reference 1] of some current research by others [ref 2] on mo=
narch migration. &nbsp;The topic has been discussed before on NatureNS and =
seems worth a comment here.&nbsp;
<div>&nbsp;
<div>Early stages of monarchs can be purchased to be bred through and relea=
sed by schools and others, with educational benefits for students, but with=
 unexpected deleterious consequences. &nbsp;Specimens of this origin are ge=
netically far removed from other known
 wild migratory populations, and don=92t migrate. &nbsp;That is, when teste=
d in a &quot;flight simulator=94, monarchs bred from such sources did not s=
how any directional migratory flight either in summer, or more relevantly i=
n October when migration normally starts. &nbsp;By
 contrast, wild-caught, <i>wild-reared</i>&nbsp;&n