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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Well said Parker.</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">In the old days with Dr Stanley we studied LD50.</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">which is Lethal Dose that will kill 50% of a population. </span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">I don't know if modern science used such a stat but</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">it was a very good measurement of toxicity.</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">My favorite jokes is when asked if I smoke.</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">The answer is When in  school there was 3 things..</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Smoking, Beer and Sex and I could only afford two. Smoking</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">had to go!</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Enjoy the spring</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Paul</span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span>
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On June 17, 2019 at 1:19 PM Parker Donham <parker@donham.ca> wrote:
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Clarification:
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People seem to have reached the conclusion that I am advocating the introduction of cigarette butts into birds' nests, or even more remarkably, that I support cigarette smoking. For the record, I sat with my mother as she died a cruel death from emphysema due to a lifetime of smoking. I detest smoking, and if it were up to me, cigarette company executives would serve long prison terms. I also know that hassling people addicted to cigarettes is not a productive strategy.
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I was responding to a few emails in which group members recalled, but could not put their fingers on, a study about birds incorporating butts in their nests, and the possible insecticidal effect thereof. I linked to a number of stories in the popular press, and to the abstract of the original Mexican study.
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I wasn't advocating anything, merely trying to fill an information hole in the conversation.
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Now for some actual advocacy: To echo what Don MacNeill said, countless substances are beneficial in small doses but harmful in large amounts.
Paracelsus, aka Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim (1493-1541), known as the father of modern toxicology, famously declared:
<em>Dosis sola facit venenum</em>, or more fully, in English, "Everything is poison; nothing is poison. Dose alone makes the poison." Toxicity is not a binary concept but a sliding scale; knowing the dose is critical to assessing safety. It is a point environmentalists often miss.
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On Sun, Jun 16, 2019 at 8:21 PM Mary Macaulay <
marymacaulay@hotmail.com> wrote:
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Please note that birds and other wildlife also directly ingest these highly poisonous butts - another way in which this highly toxic trash contributes to environmental harm. Hope no one on the list is excusing themselves from littering in this way thinking they are helping out wildlife ..??
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<span>With kindest regards</span>
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<span><br/> </span>
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<span>Mary (Macaulay), P.Eng.</span&