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ibri&quot;,sa --94eb2c0ad9a2166b2f056892504b Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable It's a mixture. Gulls sit on top of deergrass tussocks and these areas thin out, trampling kills shoots and nutrients give advantage to rose family over heath. But then these disturbances merge and we see a bare peat phase. There may be acidity impacts...the mycorrhizae won't like it. .and heath plants are killed but the greening up w exotic weeds notably Yorkshire fog grass is tremendous. Then we go through 15 years of raspberry brambles and roses until nutrient levels decline to level where heath and spruce invade. So yes...mycorrhizal sppp killed by ammonia or some wicked excess of kindness but the same concentrations are tolerated by sheep sorrel chickweed and Yorkshire fog. Stay tuned Nick On Thu, Mar 29, 2018, 4:15 PM Laviolette, Lance, <lance.laviolette@lmco.com= > wrote: > Hi David, > > > > You are far more qualified than I am to understand the soil chemistry > involved. Guano is uric acid so I=E2=80=99ll hypothesis that the acidic c= omponent > damages the trees directly. > > > > Nick Hill might also be able to comment on the effect that gulls have had > on plant community succession on Brier Island. I=E2=80=99d be interested = to know if > it is the soil chemistry of former colony locations suppresses shrub and > tree growth or if there is active destruction of young growth by gulls. > > > > Cheers, > > > > Lance > > > > *From:* naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca [mailto: > naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] *On Behalf Of *David > *Sent:* March 29, 2018 1:45 PM > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > *Subject:* EXTERNAL: Re[2]: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues > > > > Hi Lance & All, > > I am guessing that tree death is due to winter kill of growth which, > due to excess N, failed to harden off. But, does guano also kill woody > perennials where winter kill is not possible (too warm) ? > > Yt, DW, Kentville > > > > ------ Original Message ------ > > From: "Laviolette, Lance" <lance.laviolette@lmco.com> > > To: "naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca> > > Sent: 3/29/2018 12:26:34 PM > > Subject: RE: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues > > > > Hi Everyone, > > > > That=E2=80=99s the usual cycle of Great Blue Heron and Double-creasted Co= rmorant > nesting on Nova Scotia Islands. > > > > Grass > Brambles> Shrubs > Trees > double-crested cormorants/great blue > herons > Trees > Shrubs/brambles > Grass > > > > Guano is a great fertilizer, rich in nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, > but like any fertilizer, too much is not a good thing and as everyone who > has visited a cormorant or great blue heron colony knows, they produce a > lot of guano. > > > > The Great Blue Herons move to start the process on another treed island > once the trees are all killed and can no longer support a nest structure > (although I did come across Great Blue Herons nesting on an island in a > lake in Yarmouth County once). > > > > The Grass stage is prolonged as long as gulls and/or the cormorants start > nesting on the ground. Common Eiders can be in the mix at several stages. > > > > The Grass stage ends and plant succession begins when these ground nestin= g > species are forced to move off the island and erosion hasn=E2=80=99t redu= ced the > island to mostly bare rock. > > > > Cheers, > > > > Lance > > > > Lance Laviolette > > Glen Robertson, Ontario > > > > > > > > *From:* naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca [mailto: > naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] *On Behalf Of *John and Nhung > *Sent:* March 29, 2018 10:36 AM > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > *Subject:* EXTERNAL: RE: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues > > > > Here=E2=80=99s s story from before your time, John K.! > > > > Years ago, the island in mid-Yarmouth Harbour was well-treed. Mighta bee= n > back in the =E2=80=9970=E2=80=99s that cormorants started to get more abu= ndant and really > liked that island. Lotsa bushes on the island now; all the spruce trees > died out. > > > > *From:* naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca [ > mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca <naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca>] *On > Behalf Of *Nick Hill > *Sent:* March 29, 2018 10:21 AM > *To:* naturens@chebucto.ns.ca > *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues > > > > John, are double-crested cormorants becoming a disturbance and habitat > enrichment problem here in NS..similar in a way to herring gulls? > > Nick > > > > On Thu, Mar 29, 2018 at 10:02 AM, John Kearney < > john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca> wrote: > > Hi All, > Two Double-crested Cormorants and six Great Blue Herons arrived at the > Johns Island nesting colony in Yarmouth Harbour this morning. There seeme= d > to be more cormorants crouching in grass, perhaps recovering from their > journey. I couldn=E2=80=99t tell for sure. > None of these were there yesterday when I checked. > John > > Sent from my iPhone > > > > > > -- > > Dr. N.M.Hill > Fern Hill Institute of Plant Conservation > 424 Bentley Road, Berwick, NS, B0P 1E0 > > phone 902-698-0416 > > --94eb2c0ad9a2166b2f056892504b Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <div dir=3D"auto">It's a mixture. Gulls sit on top of deergrass tussock= s and these areas thin out, trampling kills shoots and nutrients give advan= tage to rose family over heath.<div dir=3D"auto">But then these disturbance= s merge and we see a bare peat phase. There may be acidity impacts...the my= corrhizae won't like it. .and heath plants are killed but the greening = up w exotic weeds notably Yorkshire fog grass is tremendous. Then we go thr= ough 15 years of raspberry brambles and roses until nutrient levels decline= to level where heath and spruce invade.=C2=A0</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br><= /div><div dir=3D"auto">So yes...mycorrhizal sppp killed by ammonia or some = wicked excess of kindness but the same concentrations are tolerated by shee= p sorrel chickweed and Yorkshire fog.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div= dir=3D"auto">Stay tuned</div><div dir=3D"auto">Nick=C2=A0</div><div dir=3D= "auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div></div><br><div class=3D"gmail_= quote"><div dir=3D"ltr">On Thu, Mar 29, 2018, 4:15 PM Laviolette, Lance, &l= t;<a href=3D"mailto:lance.laviolette@lmco.com">lance.laviolette@lmco.com</a= >> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0= 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"> <div lang=3D"EN-CA" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple"> <div class=3D"m_-9139595858216918679WordSection1"> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Hi David,<u></u><u></u></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">You are far more qualified than I am = to understand the soil chemistry involved. Guano is uric acid so I=E2=80=99= ll hypothesis that the acidic component damages the trees directly. <u></u><u></u></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Nick Hill might also be able to comme= nt on the effect that gulls have had on plant community succession on Brier= Island. I=E2=80=99d be interested to know if it is the soil chemistry of former colony locations suppresses = shrub and tree growth or if there is active destruction of young growth by = gulls.<u></u><u></u></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Cheers,<u></u><u></u></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Lance<u></u><u></u></span></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p> <div> <div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm = 0cm 0cm"> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;fo= nt-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang=3D"EN-= US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> = <a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"n= oreferrer">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a> [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:natu= rens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">naturens-ow= ner@chebucto.ns.ca</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>David<br> <b>Sent:</b> March 29, 2018 1:45 PM<br> <b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel= =3D"noreferrer">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br> <b>Subject:</b> EXTERNAL: Re[2]: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues<u></= u><u></u></span></p> </div> </div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></p> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif">Hi Lance & All,<u></u><u></u></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif">=C2=A0 =C2=A0 I am guessing that tree death is due to winter kill of = growth which, due to excess N, failed to harden off. But, does guano also k= ill woody perennials =C2=A0where winter kill is not possible (too warm) ?<u></u><u></u></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif">Yt, DW, Kentville=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif">------ Original Message ------<u></u><u></u></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif">From: "Laviolette, Lance" <<a href=3D"mailto:lance.lavio= lette@lmco.com" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">lance.laviolette@lmco.= com</a>><u></u><u></u></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif">To: "<a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank= " rel=3D"noreferrer">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a>" <<a href=3D"mailt= o:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">naturens@ch= ebucto.ns.ca</a>><u></u><u></u></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif">Sent: 3/29/2018 12:26:34 PM<u></u><u></u></span></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif">Subject: RE: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues<u></u><u></u></spa= n></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:"Tahoma",sans-s= erif"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></span></p> </div> <div id=3D"m_-9139595858216918679x2636aaa9cf7c40d"> <blockquote style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0c= m 0cm 0cm 8.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:2.25pt;margin-right:0cm;margi= n-bottom:5.0pt"> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Hi Everyone,</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">That=E2=80=99s the usual cycle of Gre= at Blue Heron and Double-creasted Cormorant nesting on Nova Scotia Islands.= </span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Grass > Brambles> Shrubs > T= rees > double-crested cormorants/great blue herons > Trees > Shrub= s/brambles > Grass</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Guano is a great fertilizer, rich in = nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, but like any fertilizer, too much is not= a good thing and as everyone who has visited a cormorant or great blue heron colony knows, the= y produce a lot of guano.</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">The Great Blue Herons move to start t= he process on another treed island once the trees are all killed and can no= longer support a nest structure (although I did come across Great Blue Herons nesting on an isla= nd in a lake in Yarmouth County once). </span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">The Grass stage is prolonged as long = as gulls and/or the cormorants start nesting on the ground. Common Eiders c= an be in the mix at several stages. </span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">The Grass stage ends and plant succes= sion begins when these ground nesting species are forced to move off the is= land and erosion hasn=E2=80=99t reduced the island to mostly bare rock.</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Cheers,</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Lance</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ba= skerville Old Face",serif;color:#1f497d">Lance Laviolette</span><u></u= ><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ba= skerville Old Face",serif;color:#1f497d">Glen Robertson, Ontario</span= ><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <div> <div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm = 0cm 0cm"> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;fo= nt-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang=3D"EN-= US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"n= oreferrer">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a> [mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:natu= rens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">naturens-ow= ner@chebucto.ns.ca</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>John and Nhung<br> <b>Sent:</b> March 29, 2018 10:36 AM<br> <b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel= =3D"noreferrer">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br> <b>Subject:</b> EXTERNAL: RE: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues</span><= u></u><u></u></p> </div> </div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Here=E2=80=99s s story from before yo= ur time, John K.!=C2=A0 </span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Years ago, the island in mid-Yarmouth= Harbour was well-treed.=C2=A0 Mighta been back in the =E2=80=9970=E2=80=99= s that cormorants started to get more abundant and really liked that island.=C2=A0 Lotsa bushes on the island now; all the spruce trees died ou= t.</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Ca= libri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">=C2=A0</span><u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;fo= nt-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang=3D"EN-U= S" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"n= oreferrer">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a> [<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-ow= ner@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">mailto:naturens-ow= ner@chebucto.ns.ca</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Nick Hill<br> <b>Sent:</b> March 29, 2018 10:21 AM<br> <b>To:</b> <a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel= =3D"noreferrer">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br> <b>Subject:</b> Re: [NatureNS] Cormorants and Great Blues</span><u></u><u><= /u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p> <div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">John, are double-crested cormorants becoming a distu= rbance and habitat enrichment problem here in NS..similar in a way to herri= ng gulls?<u></u><u></u></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Nick<u></u><u></u></p> </div> </div> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">On Thu, Mar 29, 2018 at 10:02 AM, John Kearney <<= a href=3D"mailto:john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"nor= eferrer">john.kearney@ns.sympatico.ca</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi All,<br> Two Double-crested Cormorants and six Great Blue Herons arrived at the John= s Island nesting colony in Yarmouth Harbour this morning. There seemed to b= e more cormorants crouching in grass, perhaps recovering from their journey= . I couldn=E2=80=99t tell for sure.<br> None of these were there yesterday when I checked.<br> John<br> <br> Sent from my iPhone<u></u><u></u></p> </div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br> <br clear=3D"all"> <u></u><u></u></p> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">=C2=A0<u></u><u></u></p> </div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">-- <u></u><u></u></p> <div> <p class=3D"MsoNormal">Dr. N.M.Hill<br> Fern Hill Institute of Plant Conservation<br> 424 Bentley Road, Berwick, NS, B0P 1E0<br> <br> phone 902-698-0416<u></u><u></u></p> </div> </div> </blockquote> </div> </div> </div> </blockquote></div> --94eb2c0ad9a2166b2f056892504b--
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