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e in NS (or in a new wave of invasiveness)=C2=A0 sometime after 2000. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org= /TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns=3D"http://www.w3.org/1999/xht= ml"><head> <meta content=3D"text/html; charset=3DUTF-8" http-equiv=3D"Content-Type= "/> =20 </head><body style=3D""> =20 <div>   <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">Most store roses are grafted unto a r= ootstock David.</span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">The rootstock will be undefined in mo= st cases but we know<br/></span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">Multiflora roses are popular for good= reasons! The grafted<br/></span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">part - top - will usually be inferior= in hardiness and other aspects to<br/></span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">the rootstock so the top dies - the r= oots send up shoots and then<br/></span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">you have a Multiflora rose ready to g= o!<br/></span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">You can obtain roses on their own roo= ts - hardy roses that is  - but<br/></span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">not at the local store!<br/></span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">Enjoy the rain - it will help the ros= es.<br/></span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;">Paul<br/></span> </div>=20 <div> <span style=3D"font-size: medium;"> </span> </div>=20 <blockquote style=3D"padding-left: 10px; margin-left: 0px; border-left-co= lor: blue; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; position: rela= tive;" type=3D"cite"> On December 6, 2017 at 10:41 AM David Patriquin <davidgpatriquin@gma= il.com> wrote: <br/> <br/>=20 <div dir=3D"ltr"> Another "David" here. An interesting, worthwhile debate. A few = thoughts.=20 <div>   </div>=20 <div> Multiflora rose, while it had been here 100 years and more, seems to h= ave taken off recently as an invasive in NS (or in a new wave of invasivene= ss)  sometime after 2000. Did that stem from threshold changes in dist= urbance or vehicles of movement, or did a particular line have traits that = make it especially invasive (or some combination of the two); it seems a ge= netic study could sort that out. Are there less invasive strains that could= be used as ornamentals/to attract and feed birds? </div>=20 <div>   </div>=20 <div> I have conducted some documentation of the spread of R. multiflora in = the Halifax area, Point Pleasant Park in particular. See=20 <a href=3D"http://versicolor.ca/multiflorarose">versicolor.ca/multiflo= rarose</a>   </div>=20 <div>   </div>=20 <div> We might  keep in mind that about 1/3 of our flora is of exotic o= rigin at least in recent centuries, and mostl of these species are plants o= f disturbed habitats, perhaps all (except (glossy buckthorn?) are not shade= tolerant; their introduction since European colonizations reflects  t= he greater abundance of ruderal species in Europe & Asia because of a l= onger history of extensive human disturbance than in NA. On the whole these= immigrants  perform important ecological functions and do not serious= ly threaten native plant communities. (Surely the loss of weedy species und= er our now super efficient glyphosate weed control is a big factor in decli= ne of many species). Perhaps where they do threaten native plant communitie= s in NS that is a transient process as it likely was for many of the exotic= species for a period after they first arrived.  </div>=20 <div>   </div>=20 <div> NS is likely species depauperate because of the short time since the g= laciers retreated and our relative isolation as a peninsula on the Atlantic= coast, so in a sense we are "open for business" when it comes to i= mmigration of new plant species. I think we should be very actively conduct= ing Assisted Migration, particularly for forest species, to increase specie= s diversity and resilience in the face of climate change.  Anyway, a f= ew thoughts for the mix.  </div>=20 <div>   </div>=20 <div> PS: I have spent some time cutting back multiflora rose  near The= Bluff Trail trailhead, as it is still not abundant along the rails to trai= l BLT, and so far there are no exotics once you get 5 m into the trail, so = it takes little effort at this point to keep it out. I do not have R multif= lora in my back yard but if I could obtain a non-invasive type, I would wel= come it both as an ornamental and as bird food.  I do not keep bird fe= eders because they  encourage everything I don't want, rats, squir= rels and pigeons amongst them. </div>=20 <div class=3D"gmail_extra"> <br/>=20 <div class=3D"gmail_quote"> On Wed, Dec 6, 2017 at 8:49 AM, Randy Lauff=20 <span><<a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"mailto:randy.lauff@gmail.com"= >randy.lauff@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote: <br/>=20 <blockquote style=3D"margin: 0px 0px 0