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ction1">< --_000_1745331E928A452FB0E5273F3731B04Cdalca_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Hi Donna: Re the post-fire larvae, these would be of beetles. This fire-association = strategy was studied in the 60s by W. G. Evans in Canada and came into prom= inence anew in the late 90=92s with the work of Helmut Schmitz and colleagu= es in Germany. The interest particularly is/was in sensory physiology/anat= omy, in trying to explain by what means the adult beetles manage to detect = and home in on forest fires from very large distances. Schmitz & Bleckmann = concluded carefully that the sensitivity to heat was such that this could b= e from up to 12 km distant, for a 10 x 10 hectare intense fire. In a later= huge oil tank fire in California with no local beetle population, a more i= ffy estimate was that the huge numbers of beetles that bothered firefighter= s must have flown in from 130 km away. The adult beetles manage this with a= pair of pit organs on the underside of the thorax, that they expose toward= s the fire when flying. These pits contain ~70 infrared (IR) detector neur= ons each, sensitive in the IR wavelength range from 2 - 4 =B5m, where there= is an atmospheric window that facilitates the IR pits =92seeing=92 the rad= iation clearly (water vapor closes off some other atmospheric wavebands). = The antennae can also detect volatiles from smoke, but not at such large di= stances, and other sense organs like the compound eyes were eliminated. Th= e original mechanism was thought to be mechanical based on something next t= o the receptor endings expanding as in a bolometer, but later work has sugg= ested that accessory structures contain a special protein that absorbs radi= ation well at 3 =B5m (that=92s 3 * 10^-6 meters), and that is needed to exp= lain the extreme level of sensitivity. IR sensitivity is rare in nature, t= hough certain snakes like pit vipers have special organs on the face that a= re used to home in on warm-blooded prey at night, with a sensitivity simila= r to the beetles'. The larvae likely would be Buprestidae (jewel beetles, species Melanophila = acuminata, in the Schmitz work; this genus and species is also present in N= . America). The beetles fly in while the fire is burning and lay eggs very= soon afterwards on the burnt trunks. The behaviour is explained evolution= arily by the beetles having found a special niche to exploit, in which the = anti-insect defensive reactions of the tree (like production of pitch) have= been overcome by the fire: the larvae need these defenses to be down and = apparently can=92t attack healthy trees. Fires occur often in Autumn when = the beetles are primed to lay eggs. Interestingly, while the eggs overwint= er and some larvae develop and emerge the next year, others go through one = or even two extra winters before emerging. This is seen as a safety strate= gy in case there is no detectable local fire the next year, in which case t= he local beetle population could not survive to reproduce =97 no burnt tree= s. Apparently, there are other beetle genera that use this fire-attraction str= ategy. If you google "infrared detection beetles=94 you=92ll get more than= you care to read, though a lot of it is about IR detection instrumentation= . Steve (Hfx) On Dec 4, 2016, at 3:17 PM, Donna Crossland <dcrossland@eastlink.ca<mailto:= dcrossland@eastlink.ca>> wrote: Three Gray Jays on Nov 26th were present on a polygons now declared by DNR = to be =93partially harvested=94 and the majority to be =93clearcut=94 about= a km north of Lake Paul, Kings Co. (They are posted on DNR map viewer.) = Nearly everything is clearcut out that way already, and this after recover= ing from earlier forest fires lit by our forefathers for one reason or anot= her, including accidental. The stands now support a moss-covered floor und= er a closed canopy in many places and a rich assortment of arboreal lichens= on young red maple and sugar maple trunks. Also, two Gray Jays are still at my mother=92s house on Mack Lake, East Dal= housie. Last year, a bobcat stole the deer fat I had nailed to a tree for = them. That=92s okay... I am checking the burn sites from last summer near Keji for Three-toed wood= peckers. There are post-burn wood-boring insects at the bases of balsam f= ir trees. Species anyone? I=92ve seen Blackbacks after such insects on a = post-burn site in late fall after a fire in Kouchibouguac, NB. They would = fly to each tree base and flake off the bark to expose the large, =91full m= eal-sized=92 larvae I don=92t know what insect drills the bases of the burn= ed balsam firs, but it is a =93post-fire=94 species, no doubt. Can anyone = help me out? I=92ll got out this week and see if I can collect some of the= larvae if they are still present. The bore holes are quite large. Donna Crossland From: naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca<mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca> [= mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] On Behalf Of Richard Stern Sent: December-03-16 6:54 PM To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca<mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca> Subject: Re: [NatureNS] Update to the Blake Maybank Winter Bird List (114) The northern shovelers at the Port Williams sewage lagoons were there Dec 1= . R. On Sat, Dec 3, 2016 at 6:26 PM bdigout <bdigout@seaside.ns.ca<mailto:bdigou= t@seaside.ns.ca>> wrote: I had a Ruffed Grouse at my deer blind today in Oban, Rich. Co. Billy On 03 Dec 2016 17:35, Keith Lowe wrote: We are now up too 114 speies, this includes Dec 1, Dec 2 and as many from D= ec 3 as what I=92m aware of at this point. Here are some notable misses so far. Wood Duck Northern Shoveler Ruffed Grouse Spruce Grouse Rough-legged Hawk Ruddy Turnstone Glaucous Gull Great Horned Owl Peregrine Falcon Northern Shrike Gray Jay Winter Wren Ruby-crowned Kinglet Gray Catbird Northern Mockingbird Lapland Longspur Common Yellowthroat Palm Warbler Chipping Sparrow Fox Sparrow White-crowned Sparrow Brown-headed Cowbird Pine Grosbeak House Finch Red Crossbill White-winged Crossbill Common Redpoll Pine Siskin The next time Peter uploads the spreadsheet, you will be able to see all th= e species we have on the WBL so far at www.nsbirdsociety.ca<http://www.nsbirdsociety.ca/> /Library / Winter Birds Keith Lowe -- Richard stern Sent from Gmail Mobile On my IPhone --_000_1745331E928A452FB0E5273F3731B04Cdalca_ Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-ID: <D352B5EC020B1A43908AB066D63EFF7F@namprd03.prod.outlook.com> Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <html> <head> <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1= 252"> </head> <body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-lin= e-break: after-white-space;"> Hi Donna: <div>Re the post-fire larvae, these would be of beetles. This fire-as= sociation strategy was studied in the 60s by W. G. Evans in Canada and came= into prominence anew in the late 90=92s with the work of Helmut Schmitz an= d colleagues in Germany. The interest particularly is/was in sensory physiology/anatomy, in trying to explain by= what means the adult beetles manage to detect and home in on forest fires = from very large distances. Schmitz & Bleckmann concluded carefully that= the sensitivity to heat was such that this could be from up to 12 km distant, for a 10 x 10 hectare intense fire= . In a later huge oil tank fire in California with no local beetle po= pulation, a more iffy estimate was that the huge numbers of beetles that bo= thered firefighters must have flown in from 130 km away. The adult beetles manage this with a pair of pit organs = on the underside of the thorax, that they expose towards the fire when flyi= ng. These pits contain ~70 infrared (IR) detector neurons each, sensi= tive in the IR wavelength range from 2 - 4 =B5m, where there is an atmospheric window that facilitates the IR p= its =92seeing=92 the radiation clearly (water vapor closes off some other a= tmospheric wavebands). The antennae can also detect volatiles from sm= oke, but not at such large distances, and other sense organs like the compound eyes were eliminated. The original me= chanism was thought to be mechanical based on something next to the recepto= r endings expanding as in a bolometer, but later work has suggested that ac= cessory structures contain a special protein that absorbs radiation well at 3 =B5m (that=92s 3 * 10^-6 meters),= and that is needed to explain the extreme level of sensitivity. IR s= ensitivity is rare in nature, though certain snakes like pit vipers have sp= ecial organs on the face that are used to home in on warm-blooded prey at night, with a sensitivity similar to the b= eetles'.</div> <div> <div><br> </div> <div>The larvae likely would be Buprestidae (jewel beetles, species Melanop= hila acuminata, in the Schmitz work; this genus and species is also present= in N. America). The beetles fly in while the fire is burning and lay= eggs very soon afterwards on the burnt trunks. The behaviour is explained evolutionarily by the beetles hav= ing found a special niche to exploit, in which the anti-insect defensive re= actions of the tree (like production of pitch) have been overcome by the fi= re: the larvae need these defenses to be down and apparently can=92t attack healthy trees. Fires occur oft= en in Autumn when the beetles are primed to lay eggs. Interestingly, = while the eggs overwinter and some larvae develop and emerge the next year,= others go through one or even two extra winters before emerging. This is seen as a safety strategy in case there is = no detectable local fire the next year, in which case the local beetle popu= lation could not survive to reproduce =97 no burnt trees. </div> <div><br> </div> <div>Apparently, there are other beetle genera that use this fire-attractio= n strategy. If you google "infrared detection beetles=94 you=92l= l get more than you care to read, though a lot of it is about IR detection = instrumentation.</div> <div>Steve (Hfx)</div> <div><br> <div> <div>On Dec 4, 2016, at 3:17 PM, Donna Crossland <<a href=3D"mailto:dcro= ssland@eastlink.ca">dcrossland@eastlink.ca</a>> wrote:</div> <br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"> <blockquote type=3D"cite"> <div lang=3D"EN-CA" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple" style=3D"font-family: He= lvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-we= ight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; t= ext-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: norm= al; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"> <div class=3D"WordSection1" style=3D"page: WordSection1;"> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rg= b(31, 73, 125);">Three Gray Jays on Nov 26<sup>th</sup><span class=3D"Apple= -converted-space"> </span>were present on a polygons now declared by D= NR to be =93partially harvested=94 and the majority to be =93clearcut=94 about a km north of Lake Paul, Kings Co. (They = are posted on DNR map viewer.) Nearly everything is clearcut ou= t that way already, and this after recovering from earlier forest fires lit= by our forefathers for one reason or another, including accidental. The stands now support a moss-covered floor under a clos= ed canopy in many places and a rich assortment of arboreal lichens on young= red maple and sugar maple trunks. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rg= b(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rg= b(31, 73, 125);">Also, two Gray Jays are still at my mother=92s house on Ma= ck Lake, East Dalhousie. Last year, a bobcat stole the deer fat I had= nailed to a tree for them. That=92s okay...<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rg= b(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rg= b(31, 73, 125);">I am checking the burn sites from last summer near Keji fo= r Three-toed woodpeckers. There are post-burn wood-boring insec= ts at the bases of balsam fir trees. Species anyone? I=92ve seen Blackbacks after such insects on a post-burn sit= e in late fall after a fire in Kouchibouguac, NB. They would fly to e= ach tree base and flake off the bark to expose the large, =91full meal-size= d=92 larvae I don=92t know what insect drills the bases of the burned balsam firs, but it is a =93post-fire=94 species, no d= oubt. Can anyone help me out? I=92ll got out this week and see = if I can collect some of the larvae if they are still present. The bo= re holes are quite large.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rg= b(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rg= b(31, 73, 125);">Donna Crossland<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <span style=3D"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rg= b(31, 73, 125);"> </span></div> <div style=3D"border-style: solid none none; border-top-color: rgb(181, 196= , 223); border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 3pt 0cm 0cm;"> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans= -serif;">From:</span></b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; fon= t-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> = </span><a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca" style=3D"color: pur= ple; text-decoration: underline;">naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a><span cl= ass=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span>[<a href=3D"mailto:naturens-owne= r@chebucto.ns.ca" style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">mail= to:naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca</a>]<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">= </span><b>On Behalf Of<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Richard St= ern<br> <b>Sent:</b><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span>December-03-= 16 6:54 PM<br> <b>To:</b><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href=3D"mai= lto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: under= line;">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a><br> <b>Subject:</b><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Natu= reNS] Update to the Blake Maybank Winter Bird List (114)<o:p></o:p></span><= /div> </div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <o:p> </o:p></div> <div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> The northern shovelers at the Port Williams sewage lagoons were there Dec 1= .<br> <br> R.<o:p></o:p></div> </div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <o:p> </o:p></div> <div> <div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> On Sat, Dec 3, 2016 at 6:26 PM bdigout <<a href=3D"mailto:bdigout@seasid= e.ns.ca" style=3D"color: purple; text-decoration: underline;">bdigout@seasi= de.ns.ca</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></div> </div> <blockquote style=3D"border-style: none none none solid; border-left-color:= rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 6pt; marg= in: 5pt 0cm 5pt 4.8pt;"> <div> <p class=3D"gmailmsg" style=3D"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-si= ze: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> I had a Ruffed Grouse at my deer blind today in Oban, Rich. Co.<o:p></o:p><= /p> <p class=3D"gmailmsg" style=3D"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-si= ze: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> Billy<o:p></o:p></p> </div> <div> <p class=3D"gmailmsg" style=3D"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-si= ze: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> On 03 Dec 2016 17:35, Keith Lowe wrote:<o:p></o:p></p> <blockquote style=3D"border-style: none none none solid; border-left-color:= rgb(16, 16, 255); border-left-width: 1.5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 4pt; marg= in-left: 3.75pt; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;"> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> We are now up too 114 speies, this includes Dec 1, Dec 2 and as many from D= ec 3 as what I=92m aware of at this point.<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Here are some notable misses so far.<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Wood Duck<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Northern Shoveler<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Ruffed Grouse<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Spruce Grouse<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Rough-legged Hawk<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Ruddy Turnstone<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Glaucous Gull<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Great Horned Owl<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Peregrine Falcon<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Northern Shrike<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Gray Jay<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Winter Wren<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Ruby-crowned Kinglet<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Gray Catbird<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Northern Mockingbird<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Lapland Longspur<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Common Yellowthroat<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Palm Warbler<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Chipping Sparrow<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Fox Sparrow<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> White-crowned Sparrow<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Brown-headed Cowbird<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Pine Grosbeak<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> House Finch<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Red Crossbill<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> White-winged Crossbill<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Common Redpoll<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Pine Siskin<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> The next time Peter uploads the spreadsheet, you will be able to see all th= e species we have on the WBL so far at<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <a href=3D"http://www.nsbirdsociety.ca/" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"color: = purple; text-decoration: underline;">www.nsbirdsociety.ca</a><span class=3D= "Apple-converted-space"> </span>/Library / Winter Birds<o:p></o:p></di= v> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Keith Lowe<o:p></o:p></div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <o:p></o:p></div> </blockquote> <p class=3D"gmailmsg" style=3D"margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; font-si= ze: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"> <o:p></o:p></p> <div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> <o:p></o:p></div> </div> </div> </blockquote> </div> <div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> --<o:p></o:p></div> </div> <div> <div style=3D"margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Time= s New Roman', serif;"> Richard stern Sent from Gmail Mobile On my IPhone</div> </div> </div> </div> </blockquote> </div> <br> </div> </div> </body> </html> --_000_1745331E928A452FB0E5273F3731B04Cdalca_--
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