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prolonged wetting will slake any so --001a11394fb4e69ed404fa3fbaab Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Thanks David, A nicely researched response (once again!). Randy _________________________________ RF Lauff Way in the boonies of Antigonish County, NS. On 23 May 2014 21:26, David & Alison Webster <dwebster@glinx.com> wrote: > Hi Randy & All, A picture helps. > I remembered that I had a fairly large scale soil map of NS > (MacDougall & Nowland, 1972; 1:450,000) so dug it out. Your library should > have one if you don't. And a Google Earth image suggests that the slacks > are predominantly along the southerly third of Pomquet Beach and parallel > to the southerly shore of the beach. > The soil to the west of the west esturary (Monk's Head and south), and > south west of the east esturary, is Queens; mostly unstructured, poorly > drained soil high in silt & clay. So the bottom muds of both estuaries, > except perhaps where exposed to wave action on sand, are likely high in > silt & clay and relatively impermeable. > That large nose of land between the two estuaries is Tormantine > (moderately coarse and medium textured well drained soil) as is Pomquet > Beach and land east of the east estuary. All of the Tormantine area is > nearly free of watercourses except for those that drain less permeable soil > to the south. So, as a rough estimate for this Tormentine costal region, at > least 60% of the annual ppt. is disposed of by deep percolation and that > flow has to go somewhere and exit at some lower elevation. > According to Google Earth some of that middle nose is about 85' above > sea level. [But it also had some of the estuary 8' above sea level while > much of the slacks area was 0' so precision is poor.] > Movement of water in soil is directly proportional to head, hydraulic > conductivity and cross-sectional area available for flow and inversely > proportional to flow length. If there is a sufficiently deep layer of > permeable bedrock under that nose and under the channel between the nose > and Pomquet Beach then much of the refill water could be from the nose to > the south. > I also wonder if the bottom of some of the slacks may have a lower > elevation than water in these estuaries when rivers are at full flow. This > would be flow driven by relatively small head but over a relatively short > flow path. > Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville > > > ----- Original Message ----- > *From:* Randy Lauff <randy.lauff@gmail.com> > *To:* NatureNS <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca> > *Sent:* Friday, May 23, 2014 3:14 PM > *Subject:* Re: [NatureNS] slacks - when do they refill? > > I have posted a picture of the slack here: > http://people.stfx.ca/rlauff/307/PomquetSlack.jpg. One person I asked > locally thought that the slack filled up again with the autumn rains. > That's probably right, but I still can't discount snow melt accompanied by > spring rain. I guess I'll find out this year. > > Randy > > _________________________________ > RF Lauff > Way in the boonies of > Antigonish County, NS. > > > On 21 May 2014 18:08, nancy dowd <nancypdowd@gmail.com> wrote: > >> Maybe it is just evaporation. Water accumulates in the leaf-lined slacks >> in the Spring (rain and melt) and eventually warming temps and strong sun >> evaporate it until it is empty. Over the summer heat and sun manage to keep >> up with the rainfall not allowing it to accumulate for any length of time >> (it must be hot down in those slacks). Then once the cooler temps and less >> intense sun of Fall take over rainwater can accumulate once again in the >> slacks until it freezes. >> >> Just a guess. >> >> Nancy >> On 2014-05-21, at 4:39 PM, David & Alison Webster <dwebster@glinx.com> >> wrote: >> >> > Hi Randy & All, >> > I had imagined these dunes to be bare sand. With tree cover on the >> peaks and presumably none on the slacks there is another effect that will >> increase effective ppt in the slacks; sublimation on the tree canopy in >> calm weather and selective snow accumulation in treeless areas (roads, >> glades, etc) in windy weather due to less turbulence and less speed over >> glades.. >> > Yt, DW >> > ----- Original Message ----- >> > From: Randy Lauff >> > To: NatureNS >> > Sent: Wednesday, May 21, 2014 9:57 AM >> > Subject: Re: [NatureNS] slacks - when do they refill? >> > >> > Thanks folks, >> > >> > I haven't been there in winter, despite my being in NS now for over 20 >> years. >> > >> > Here's the landscape picture though. Picture an accordion, partly open >> lying on its back. The bellows represent the dune system at Pomquet, there >> are peaks and troughs (slacks), and precious little other elevations going >> on. At the slack in question, the surrounding peaks of the dunes are >> dominated by white pine and oak, with other trees as well. >> > >> > Fred asked, if the dunes are sandy, how are they holding water in the >> first place? Basically, I think there is leaf litter which may be >> accumulating in the slack to slow the water seepage. Further to Anne's >> email, the slack in question is well back from the salt water, I suspect >> there is no salt to speak of in that water. Mosquitoes are there in the >> billions, peepers are deafening, both suggesting fresh water (though I >> realize a few mosquitoes can tolerate brackish water). >> > >> > Randy >> > >> > _________________________________ >> > RF Lauff >> > Way in the boonies of >> > Antigonish County, NS. >> > >> > >> > On 20 May 2014 18:24, David & Alison Webster<dwebster@glinx.com> wrote: >> > Hi Randy & All, May 20, 2014 >> > I don't have a clear picture of the topography, either dune or >> inland, but one possible source of water in the slacks is drifting of snow >> into pools. >> > >> > In woods south of Kentville, where I used to walk in winter, pools >> in woodland cradlehollows of swampy sites never froze. With 2'-3' of snow >> on the ground, the air cone was typically about ~1' across at snow level >> and 4" across at water level. Even at -20o C, with heavy snowfall, 60 mph >> winds and drifting snow there would be no hint of ice. From the viewpoint >> of ppt per unit area these cones act as black holes; snow blows into them >> but, soon being water, can not escape. These air cones were absent when >> snow was not deep enough to act as a good insulator. With sufficient snow >> cover drifted ~level over the swamp, the soil at the base of cradlehollows >> would warm sufficiently by ground heat from below to melt overlying snow >> and eventually generate one of these air cones. >> > >> > If these pools were sufficiently above the water table then they >> would tend to be transient but, in most soils (given sufficient iron and >> decomposable organic matter), infiltration rate at constant head will >> gradually slow due to formation of a local iron pan over decades or >> centuries. This effect interested me because ortstein is sometimes very >> scattered; patches 3-4' wide and 10-15' apart and these pools that collect >> below air cones could account for this. Also prolonged wetting will slake >> any soil aggregates and decrease infiltration rate. >> > >> > Getting back to dunes, in the idealized case of parallel linear >> dunes and linear slacks and in deep snow conditions I would expect linear >> narrow pools at the base of linear narrow trenches in the snow; V-shaped >> deposits of ortstein if dunes are stable and not advancing. >> > >> > Have you been there in winter and if so does any of this register ? >> > Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville >> > ----- Original Message ----- >> > From: Randy Lauff >> > To: NatureNS >> > Sent: Tuesday, May 20, 2014 4:20 PM >> > Subject: Re: [NatureNS] slacks - when do they refill? >> > >> > Thanks Fred, but in a dune system, wouldn't that mean that the slacks >> would be less than half full with water? These are sand dunes...very >> porous, so I'm suspecting water leaching in from the hills of the dunes >> into the slacks just couldn't fill them. This is unlike the condition in >> vernal pools where there can be ample elevation around from which water >> could leach in to the pool area. I'm thinking there has to be a significant >> rain or snow fall to fill them. >> > >> > Randy >> > >> > _________________________________ >> > RF Lauff >> > Way in the boonies of >> > Antigonish County, NS. >> > >> > >> > On 20 May 2014 15:30, Fred Schueler <bckcdb@istar.ca>wrote: >> > On 5/20/2014 2:18 PM, Randy Lauff wrote: >> > >> > Between several of the dunes at Pomquet Beach, Ant. Co., the slacks (the >> > troughs between dune crests) fill with water, but by summer are dry. I >> > guess I've just never been there at the right time to see when they fill >> > again...it can't be just from winter melt water, since the slacks are >> > almost full (and snow melts to about 10% its volume as water). Do the >> > autumn rains fill them again, or the spring rains? Or is it a >> > case-by-case scenario, which I'd just have to monitor? >> > >> > * I had the same thought about vernal pools at the CARCNET meeting at >> Quebec City in 1999, during a presentation on Marbled Salamanders, which >> come down into the vernal pools to lay their eggs on the dry pondbed in the >> fall, and stay with them all winter. It turns out that the vernal pools >> fill from the water table, as one would think sandy dunes would. And yes, >> I've been monitoring water level in our local Wood Frog ponds, fall and >> late winter, ever since then. >> > >> > fred. >> > ------------------------------------------------------------ >> > Frederick W. Schueler & Aleta Karstad >> > Daily Paintings -http://karstaddailypaintings.blogspot.com/ >> > Vulnerable Watersheds -http://vulnerablewaters.blogspot.ca/ >> > study our books -http://pinicola.ca/books/index.htm >> > RR#2 Bishops Mills, Ontario, Canada K0G 1T0 >> > on the Smiths Falls Limestone Plain 44* 52'N 75* 42'W >> > (613)258-3107 <bckcdb atistar.ca> http://pinicola.ca/ >> > ------------------------------------------------------------ >> > >> > No virus found in this message. >> > Checked by AVG - www.avg.com >> > Version: 2014.0.4577 / Virus Database: 3950/7502 - Release Date: >> 05/15/14 >> > >> > >> > No virus found in this message. >> > Checked by AVG - www.avg.com >> > Version: 2014.0.4577 / Virus Database: 3950/7529 - Release Date: >> 05/20/14 >> > >> >> > No virus found in this message. > Checked by AVG - www.avg.com > Version: 2014.0.4592 / Virus Database: 3950/7543 - Release Date: 05/22/14 > > --001a11394fb4e69ed404fa3fbaab Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <div dir=3D"ltr">Thanks David,<div><br></div><div>A nicely researched respo= nse (once again!).</div><div><br></div><div>Randy</div></div><div class=3D"= gmail_extra"><br clear=3D"all"><div>_________________________________<br>RF= Lauff<br> Way in the boonies of<br>Antigonish County, NS.</div> <br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On 23 May 2014 21:26, David & Alison= Webster <span dir=3D"ltr"><<a href=3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com" target= =3D"_blank">dwebster@glinx.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class= =3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padd= ing-left:1ex"> <u></u> <div bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"> <div>Hi Randy & All,=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0= =C2=A0=20 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 A picture helps.</= div> <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0I remembered that I had a fairly large scale = soil=20 map of NS (MacDougall & Nowland, 1972; 1:450,000) so dug it out. Your= =20 library should have one if you don't.=C2=A0And a Google Earth=20 image=C2=A0suggests that the slacks are predominantly along the=20 southerly=C2=A0third of Pomquet Beach and parallel to the southerly shore o= f the=20 beach.</div> <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 The soil to the west of the=C2=A0west esturary (Mon= k's=20 Head and south), and south west of the east esturary,=C2=A0is Queens; mostl= y=20 unstructured, poorly drained soil=C2=A0high in silt & clay.=C2=A0 So th= e=20 bottom muds of both estuaries, except perhaps where exposed to wave action = on=20 sand,=C2=A0are likely high in silt & clay and relatively impermeable. <= /div> <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 That large nose of land between the two estuaries i= s=20 Tormantine (moderately coarse and medium textured well drained soil) as is= =20 Pomquet Beach and land east of the east=C2=A0estuary. All of the Tormantine= area=20 is nearly free of watercourses except for those that drain less permeable s= oil=20 to the south. So, as a rough estimate=C2=A0for this Tormentine=C2=A0costal= =20 region, at least 60% of the annual ppt. is disposed of by deep percolation = and=20 that flow has to go somewhere and exit at some lower elevation.</div> <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 According to Google Earth some of that middle nose = is=20 about 85' above sea level. [But it also had some of the estuary 8' = above sea=20 level while much of the slacks area=C2=A0 was 0' so precision is poor.]= </div> <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Movement of water in soil is directly proportional= =20 =C2=A0to=C2=A0head,=C2=A0hydraulic conductivity and cross-sectional=20 area=C2=A0available for=C2=A0flow=C2=A0=C2=A0and inversely proportional=20 to=C2=A0flow length. If there is a sufficiently deep layer of permeable bed= rock=20 under that nose and under the channel between the nose and Pomquet Beach th= en=20 much of the refill water could be from the nose to the south. </div> <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 I also wonder if the bottom of=C2=A0some of the sla= cks=20 may have a lower elevation than water in these estuaries when rivers are at= full=20 flow. This would be flow driven by relatively=C2=A0 small head but over a= =20 relatively short flow path. </div> <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Yt, Dave Webster, Kentville</div> <div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 </div> <blockquote style=3D"BORDER-LEFT:#000000 2px solid;PADDING-LEFT:5px;PADDING= -RIGHT:0px;MARGIN-LEFT:5px;MARGIN-RIGHT:0px" dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D""> <div style=3D"FONT:10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </div> <div style=3D"FONT:10pt arial;BACKGROUND:#e4e4e4"><b>From:</b>=20 <a title=3D"randy.lauff@gmail.com" href=3D"mailto:randy.lauff@gmail.com" = target=3D"_blank">Randy=20 Lauff</a> </div> <div style=3D"FONT:10pt arial"><b>To:</b> <a title=3D"naturens@chebucto.n= s.ca" href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" target=3D"_blank">NatureNS</a= > </div> </div><div><div class=3D"h5"><div style=3D"FONT:10pt arial"><b>Sent:</b> = Friday, May 23, 2014 3:14 PM</div> <div style=3D"FONT:10pt arial"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [NatureNS] slacks - wh= en do=20 they refill?</div> <div><br></div> <div dir=3D"ltr">I have posted a picture of the slack here:=C2=A0<a href= =3D"http://people.stfx.ca/rlauff/307/PomquetSlack.jpg" target=3D"_blank">ht= tp://people.stfx.ca/rlauff/307/PomquetSlack.jpg</a>.=20 One person I asked locally thought that the slack filled up again with th= e=20 autumn rains. That's probably right, but I still can't discount s= now melt=20 accompanied by spring rain. I guess I'll find out this year. <div><br></div> <div>Randy</div></div> <div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br clear=3D"all"> <div>_________________________________<br>RF Lauff<br>Way in the boonies= =20 of<br>Antigonish County, NS.</div><br><br> <div class=3D"gmail_quote">On 21 May 2014 18:08, nancy dowd <span dir=3D"= ltr"><<a href=3D"mailto:nancypdowd@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">nancypdo= wd@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br> <blockquote style=3D"BORDER-LEFT:#ccc 1px solid;MARGIN:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;= PADDING-LEFT:1ex" class=3D"gmail_quote">Maybe it is just evaporation. Water= accumulates in the=20 leaf-lined slacks in the Spring (rain and melt) and eventually warming = temps=20 and strong sun evaporate it until it is empty. Over the summer heat and= sun=20 manage to keep up with the rainfall not allowing it to accumulate for a= ny=20 length of time (it must be hot down in those slacks). Then once the coo= ler=20 temps and less intense sun of Fall take over rainwater can accumulate o= nce=20 again in the slacks until it freezes.<br><br>Just a guess.<br><br>Nancy= <br> <div> <div>On 2014-05-21, at 4:39 PM, David & Alison Webster <<a href= =3D"mailto:dwebster@glinx.com" target=3D"_blank">dwebster@glinx.com</a>>= =20 wrote:<br><br>> Hi Randy & All,<br>> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 I had imag= ined=20 these dunes to be bare sand. With tree cover on the peaks and presumabl= y=20 none on the slacks there is another effect that will increase effective= ppt=20 in the slacks; sublimation on the tree canopy in calm weather and selec= tive=20 snow accumulation in treeless areas (roads, glades, etc) in windy weath= er=20 due to less turbulence and less speed over glades..<br>> Yt, DW<br>&= gt;=20 ----- Original Message -----<br>> From: Randy Lauff<br>> To:=20 NatureNS<br>> Sent: Wednesday, May 21, 2014 9:57 AM<br>> Subject:= Re:=20 [NatureNS] slacks - when do they refill?<br>><br>> Thanks=20 folks,<br>><br>> I haven't been there in winter, despite my b= eing in=20 NS now for over 20 years.<br>><br>> Here's the landscape pict= ure=20 though. Picture an accordion, partly open lying on its back. The bellow= s=20 represent the dune system at Pomquet, there are peaks and troughs (slac= ks),=20 and precious little other elevations going on. At the slack in question= , the=20 surrounding peaks of the dunes are dominated by white pine and oak, wit= h=20 other trees as well.<br>><br>> Fred asked, if the dunes are sandy= , how=20 are they holding water in the first place? Basically, I think there is = leaf=20 litter which may be accumulating in the slack to slow the water seepage= .=20 Further to Anne's email, the slack in question is well back from th= e salt=20 water, I suspect there is no salt to speak of in that water. Mosquitoes= are=20 there in the billions, peepers are deafening, both suggesting fresh wat= er=20 (though I realize a few mosquitoes can tolerate brackish=20 water).<br>><br>> Randy<br>><br>>=20 _________________________________<br>> RF Lauff<br>> Way in the= =20 boonies of<br>> Antigonish County, NS.<br>><br>><br>> On 20= May=20 2014 18:24, David & Alison Webster<<a href=3D"mailto:dwebster@gl= inx.com" target=3D"_blank">dwebster@glinx.com</a>> wrote:<br>>=20 Hi Randy & All, =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 = =C2=A0=20 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0May 20, 2014<br>> =C2=A0 = =C2=A0=20 I don't have a clear picture of the topography, either dune or inla= nd, but=20 one possible source of water in the slacks is drifting of snow into=20 pools.<br>><br>> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 In woods south of Kentville, where= I=20 used to walk in winter, pools in woodland cradlehollows of swampy sites= =20 never froze. With 2'-3' of snow on the ground, the air cone was= typically=20 about ~1' across at snow level and 4" across at water level. E= ven at -20o C,=20 with heavy snowfall, 60 mph winds and drifting snow =C2=A0there would b= e no=20 hint of ice. From the viewpoint of ppt per unit area these cones act as= =20 black holes; snow blows into them but, soon being water, can not escape= .=20 These air cones were absent when snow was not deep enough to act as a g= ood=20 insulator. With sufficient snow cover drifted ~level over the swamp, th= e=20 soil at the base of cradlehollows would warm sufficiently by ground hea= t=20 from below to melt overlying snow and eventually generate one of these = air=20 cones.<br>><br>> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 If these pools were sufficiently a= bove=20 the water table then they would tend to be transient but, in most soils= =20 (given sufficient iron and decomposable organic matter), infiltration r= ate=20 at constant head will gradually slow due to formation of a local iron p= an=20 over decades or centuries. This effect interested me because ortstein i= s=20 sometimes very scattered; patches 3-4' wide and 10-15' apart an= d these pools=20 that collect below air cones could account for this. Also prolonged wet= ting=20 will slake any soil aggregates and decrease infiltration=20 rate.<br>><br>> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Getting back to dunes, in the ideal= ized=20 case of parallel linear dunes and linear slacks and =C2=A0in deep snow= =20 conditions I would expect linear narrow pools at the base of linear nar= row=20 trenches in the snow; V-shaped deposits of ortstein if dunes are stable= and=20 not advancing.<br>><br>> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Have you been there in win= ter=20 and if so does any of this register ?<br>> Yt, Dave Webster,=20 Kentville<br>> ----- Original Message -----<br>> From: Randy=20 Lauff<br>> To: NatureNS<br>> Sent: Tuesday, May 20, 2014 4:20=20 PM<br>> Subject: Re: [NatureNS] slacks - when do they=20 refill?<br>><br>> Thanks Fred, but in a dune system, wouldn't= that=20 mean that the slacks would be less than half full with water? These are= sand=20 dunes...very porous, so I'm suspecting water leaching in from the h= ills of=20 the dunes into the slacks just couldn't fill them. This is unlike t= he=20 condition in vernal pools where there can be ample elevation around fro= m=20 which water could leach in to the pool area. I'm thinking there has= to be a=20 significant rain or snow fall to fill them.<br>><br>>=20 Randy<br>><br>> _________________________________<br>> RF=20 Lauff<br>> Way in the boonies of<br>> Antigonish County,=20 NS.<br>><br>><br>> On 20 May 2014 15:30, Fred Schueler <<a = href=3D"mailto:bckcdb@istar.ca" target=3D"_blank">bckcdb@istar.ca</a>>wr= ote:<br>> On=20 5/20/2014 2:18 PM, Randy Lauff wrote:<br>><br>> Between several o= f the=20 dunes at Pomquet Beach, Ant. Co., the slacks (the<br>> troughs betwe= en=20 dune crests) fill with water, but by summer are dry. I<br>> guess I&= #39;ve=20 just never been there at the right time to see when they fill<br>>= =20 again...it can't be just from winter melt water, since the slacks= =20 are<br>> almost full (and snow melts to about 10% its volume as wate= r).=20 Do the<br>> autumn rains fill them again, or the spring rains? Or is= it=20 a<br>> case-by-case scenario, which I'd just have to=20 monitor?<br>><br>> * I had the same thought about vernal pools at= the=20 CARCNET meeting at Quebec City in 1999, during a presentation on Marble= d=20 Salamanders, which come down into the vernal pools to lay their eggs on= the=20 dry pondbed in the fall, and stay with them all winter. It turns out th= at=20 the vernal pools fill from the water table, as one would think sandy du= nes=20 would. And yes, I've been monitoring water level in our local Wood = Frog=20 ponds, fall and late winter, ever since then.<br>><br>> fred.<br>= >=20 ------------------------------------------------------------<br>> = =C2=A0=20 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Frederick W. Schueler & Aleta Karstad<br= >>=20 Daily Paintings -<a href=3D"http://karstaddailypaintings.blogspot.com/"= target=3D"_blank">http://karstaddailypaintings.blogspot.com/</a><br>>= =20 Vulnerable Watersheds -<a href=3D"http://vulnerablewaters.blogspot.ca/"= target=3D"_blank">http://vulnerablewaters.blogspot.ca/</a><br></div></div>= >=20 =C2=A0 =C2=A0study our books -<a href=3D"http://pinicola.ca/books/index= .htm" target=3D"_blank">http://pinicola.ca/books/index.htm</a><br> <div>> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0RR#2 Bishops Mills, Ontario= ,=20 Canada K0G 1T0<br>> =C2=A0 on the Smiths Falls Limestone Plain 44* 5= 2'N=20 75* 42'W<br></div>> =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"tel:%28613%29258-310= 7" value=3D"+16132583107" target=3D"_blank">(613)258-3107</a> <bckcdb <a= href=3D"http://atistar.ca" target=3D"_blank">atistar.ca</a>> <a href=3D= "http://pinicola.ca/" target=3D"_blank">http://pinicola.ca/</a><br> <div> <div>>=20 ------------------------------------------------------------<br>><br= >>=20 No virus found in this message.<br>> Checked by AVG - <a href=3D"htt= p://www.avg.com" target=3D"_blank">www.avg.com</a><br>> Version:=20 2014.0.4577 / Virus Database: 3950/7502 - Release Date:=20 05/15/14<br>><br>><br>> No virus found in this message.<br>>= ;=20 Checked by AVG - <a href=3D"http://www.avg.com" target=3D"_blank">www.a= vg.com</a><br>> Version: 2014.0.4577 / Virus Database:=20 3950/7529 - Release Date:=20 05/20/14<br>><br><br></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div><a></a> </div></div><p align=3D"left" color=3D"#000000"></p><div><div class=3D"h5= ">No virus found in this=20 message.<br>Checked by AVG - <a href=3D"http://www.avg.com" target=3D"_bl= ank">www.avg.com</a><br></div></div>Version: 2014.0.4592 / Virus=20 Database: 3950/7543 - Release Date: 05/22/14<p></p></blockquote></div> </blockquote></div><br></div> --001a11394fb4e69ed404fa3fbaab--
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