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> --_000_D5A12C8DEDCF4C44B8B4635CC3FE9DDFE5CD5CAS443provgovnsca_ Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable If Viburnum =3D Snowball bush I get several inquiries each year of shrubs = being completely defoliated from across the province Jeff ________________________________ From: naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca [naturens-owner@chebucto.ns.ca] on beha= lf of Christopher Majka [c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca] Sent: Tuesday, October 30, 2012 6:32 PM To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca Subject: Re: [NatureNS] Viburnum Leaf Beetle Hi David, On 30-Oct-12, at 6:15 PM, David Patriquin wrote: Thanks Chris Majka for the expert info. Do you have any comments on the dam= age it has caused to witherod in areas where it occurs in N.S.? Well, this is how we concluded our paper: "Thus far, the impact of P. viburni in this region has not been noted to be= significant, although occasional significant defoliation of shrubs has bee= n reported (G. Selig pers. comm.). Weston and Desurmont (2002) wrote that, = "Viburnum leaf beetle has the potential to become a major landscape pest be= cause of its ability to kill susceptible viburnums if allowed to defoliate = shrubs for several years in succession." Young (2004) wrote that, "Heavy in= festations ... could defoliate shrubs, cause dieback, and eventually kill p= lants. Costs to homeowners, parks, arboretums, municipalities, and nurserie= s to manage heavy infestations ... and to replace killed plants could be hi= gh. Quarantines imposed ... would represent an economic burden to the many = growers who export nursery stock ...." Given such concerns, ongoing monitor= ing of populations of P. viburni in the region would not be imprudent." Gary Selig showed me photos of Viburnum plants in Bridgewater that had been= significantly defoliated (year after year) by P. viburni. In other areas w= here I have found the beetle, for example in Halifax and Salt Springs, the = damage has been much less severe. I've certainly never seen extensive defol= iation such as has been found in areas in New England where the beetle is f= ound. Also, the distribution of the Viburnum leaf beetle in the Maritimes has bee= n (at least until this point) spotty and localized. In many areas where I'v= e looked at Viburnum there has been no sign of the beetle at all. Cheers! Chris Quoting Christopher Majka <c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca<mailto:c.majka@ns.sympat= ico.ca>>: Hi David, On 30-Oct-12, at 3:25 PM, David Patriquin wrote: Speaking of pests, Gary Saunders of McPhail Woods in PEI gave a wonderful = presentation to the NS Wild Flora Society last week on "Restoring the Aca= dian Forest" in which he mentioned that an invasive pest is aggressively c= hewing down witherod (wild raisin) in PEI, something I think we should be = on the lookout for in NS. I believe it is the Viburnum Leaf Beetle, htt= p://www.gov.pe.ca/af/agweb/index.php3?number=3D74367&lang=3Df It has been sighted in Nova Scotia on domestic Vibrunums (2005), and possi= bly as early as 1924. http://www.hort.cornell.edu/vlb/csphoto.html http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=3DafficheN&cpsidt=3D18705014 http://www.entsoc.org/PDF/Pubs/Periodicals/AE/AE-2007/Summer/ Weston.pdf Laurent LeSage and I wrote a paper on Pyrrhalta viburni (the Viburnum Leaf= Beetle) in the Maritime Provinces back in 2007: Majka, C.G., and LeSage, L. 2007. Introduced leaf beetles of the Maritime = Provinces, 3: the Viburnum leaf beetle Pyrrhalta viburni (Paykull) (Coleop= tera: Chrysomelidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washingt= on 109(2): 454-462. A PDF version of the paper is available at: http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/PDF/Pyrrhalta_viburni.pdf We were the ones that reported the earliest North American records of the = species from 1924 collected in Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia. We posited two possible pathways of introduction: 1. In relation to the early habitations in the area dating from 1605 (and,= indeed, in preliminary data from the area, the proportion of introduced b= eetles in the area of Annapolis Royal appears to be twice as high as the p= rovincial average); and 2. In association with the Annapolis Royal Nurseries, the largest and most= comprehensive horticultural nursery in eastern Canada established in 1885= . By checking historical catalogues were able to ascertain that in 1927 th= e Nurseries were selling three exotic Palearctic species of Viburnum (V. o= pulus L., V. tomentosum Shasta, and V. plicatum Thunb.). There is much more detail and information in the paper itself. In any even= t, the Viburnum Leaf Beetle is now widely established in the Maritime Prov= inces including large areas of the mainland of Nova Scotia. The earliest r= ecords from both Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick are from 1995. All the best, Chris Christopher Majka <c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca<mailto:c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca>= > | Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada * Research Associate: Nova Scotia Museum | http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/rese= arch-asfr.htm * Review Editor: The Coleopterists Bulletin | http://www.coleopsoc.org/ * Subject Editor: ZooKeys | http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/jour= nal/index * Review Editor: Zootaxa | http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/taxa/Coleoptera.h= tml * Associate Editor: Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society | http://w= ww.acadianes.org/journal.html * Editor: Atlantic Canada Coleoptera | http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environmen= t/NHR/PDF/index.html * Editor: Bugguide, Coleoptera http://bugguide.net Whenever I hear of the capture of rare beetles, I feel like an old war- hor= se at the sound of a trumpet. - Charles Darwin David Patriquin 6165 Murray Place Halifax, N.S. Canada B3H 1R9 e-mail: patriqui@dal.ca<mailto:patriqui@dal.ca> Phone: 902-4235716 Professor of Biology (retired) Dalhousie University http://www.dal.ca Halifax Field Naturalists http://halifaxfieldnaturalists.ca Nova Scotia Wild Flora Society http://nswildflora.ca Young Naturalists Club of Nova Scotia http://ync.nature1st.net/ Woodens River Watershed Environmental Organization http://wrweo.ca Control of Chinch Bug without Pesticides http://versicolor.ca/lawns Christopher Majka <c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca<mailto:c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca>= > | Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada * Research Associate: Nova Scotia Museum | http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/rese= arch-asfr.htm * Review Editor: The Coleopterists Bulletin | http://www.coleopsoc.org/ * Subject Editor: ZooKeys | http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/jour= nal/index * Review Editor: Zootaxa | http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/taxa/Coleoptera.h= tml * Associate Editor: Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society | http://w= ww.acadianes.org/journal.html * Editor: Atlantic Canada Coleoptera | http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environmen= t/NHR/PDF/ind