[NatureNS] re fir witch's broom fungus, from Nancy Nickerson

Date: Wed, 01 Jul 2009 16:46:51 -0300
From: "James W. Wolford" <jimwolford@eastlink.ca>
To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca, Jim Wolford <jimwolford@eastlink.ca>
References: <20090630202718.SHTB1670.simmts8-srv.bellnexxia.net@simip12-ab.srvr.bell.ca>
Precedence: bulk
Return-Path: <naturens-mml-owner@chebucto.ns.ca>
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Nancy has provided the identity of the fir broom rust, as well as its =20=

alternate host, namely chickweed.  Thanks, Nancy!, from Jim in =20
Wolfville.

Begin forwarded message:

> From: Nancy Nickerson <nicknl@ns.sympatico.ca>
> Date: June 30, 2009 5:27:20 PM ADT
> To: "'James W. Wolford'" <jimwolford@eastlink.ca>
> Subject: RE: re Hans' wildflower and other photos
>
> Hi Jim. The witch=92s broom is fir broom rust, caused by the fungus =20=

> Melampsorella caryophyllacearum. Chickweed is the alternate host. I =20=

> added a comment on this to Hans=92 photo.
>
> Cheers,
>
> Nancy
>
> From: James W. Wolford [mailto:jimwolford@eastlink.ca]
> Sent: June 29, 2009 3:28 PM
> To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca; Nancy Nickerson; Jim Wolford
> Subject: re Hans' wildflower and other photos
>
> In addition to everyone's "great pictures as usual, Hans!", I have =20
> just a few comments regarding Hans' photos: (a) in the ANGELICA, =20
> note that each umbel of flowers shows larger individual flowers at =20
> the periphery, showing a bit of division of labour in being =20
> modified for attraction of pollinators (think of other examples =20
> here, like wild carrot, some Viburnum species like hobblebush and =20
> highbush cranberry, and even daisies and other composites); (b) =20
> "DEADLY NIGHTSHADE" really should just be called "nightshade" or, =20
> better?, "bittersweet", since it is not really deadly, just nasty =20
> to eat; (c) Hans' shot of the CHOKEBERRY sp. is detailed enough to =20
> show the row of dark dots along the leaf midrib, an important way =20
> to distinguish Aronia spp. at other times of year; I agree with =20
> everyone that Hans' "SNAPDRAGON SPECIES" is really YELLOW RATTLE; =20
> and for the "WITCH'S BROOM", calling it a "parasite" needs a bit of =20=

> embellishment, I think -- a specific RUST FUNGUS has infected this =20
> balsam fir host, and the fungus, which indeed is a parasite, =20
> induces the deformed growth of dense branches we call a witch's =20
> broom, which then forms the fungus' spore-producing organs on the =20
> needles of these deformed growths, and the spores are shed (looking =20=

> like pollen) at this time of year, in mid to late June -- most rust =20=

> fungi also have complicated life cycles that alternate with a =20
> totally different but specific host plant, and perhaps Nancy =20
> Nickerson can tell us what it is in this case? The witch's broom is =20=

> a type of gall or deformed growth which I liken to having a benign =20
> cancer -- the damage to the plant is real and perhaps chronic but =20
> limited when compared to an uncontrolled type of cancer.
>
> Cheers from Jim in Wolfville
>
> Begin forwarded message:
>
>
> From: Hans Toom <Htoom@hfx.eastlink.ca>
> Date: June 29, 2009 8:00:57 AM ADT
> To: "Naturens@Chebucto.Ns.Ca" <naturens@chebucto.ns.ca>
> Subject: [NatureNS] Showy Lady's Slipper Orchid and other wildflowers
> Reply-To: naturens@chebucto.ns.ca
>
> Laura and I visited Smiley's Provincial Park yesterday, taking =20
> advantage of the small break in the weather. The conditions were =20
> cloudy bright, ideal for photography except in the darker closeted =20
> woods where the Showy Lady's Slipper Orchid resides. It was a =20
> spectacular display, the best we've seen over the years. MNR should =20=

> take charge of this place before it is irreparably damaged. =20
> Boardwalks with railings and interpretative signage would keep =20
> folks from wandering and tramping the ground all over the place and =20=

> also afford a superb educational opportunity. I've always =20
> maintained that our parks should be managed by the Department of =20
> the Environment and not the Ministry of Natural Resources but I'm a =20=

> just a voice from the wilderness.
> We spotted a Cedar Waxwing nest in the park but couldn't tell =20
> whether the adult birds were tending young or still building the =20
> nest. The usual Eastern Phoebe's at the bridge were not in sight =20
> but the crowd of picnickers at the nearby picnic bench may have =20
> kept them hunkered down.
> I've posted several pictures taken on route and some from yesterday =20=

> at Sandy Cove Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia. There's a Snap Dragon =20
> species we can't identify, marked as such, so if anyone knows what =20
> it is let me know so I can caption the photo correctly.
> Hans
> http://www.pbase.com/snahmoot/image/114409363
> _________________________________
> Hans Toom
> Portuguese Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada
> Website: http://hanstoom.com
> _________________________________
>


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<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">
Nancy has provided the identity of the fir broom rust, as well as its =
alternate host, namely chickweed. =A0Thanks, Nancy!, from Jim in =
Wolfville.<br><div><br><div>Begin forwarded message:</div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; "><font face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" color=3D"#000000" =
style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: #000000"><b>From: =
</b></font><font face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px =
Helvetica">Nancy Nickerson &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:nicknl@ns.sympatico.ca">nicknl@ns.sympatico.ca</a>></font><=
/div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: =
0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" =
color=3D"#000000" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: =
#000000"><b>Date: </b></font><font face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" =
style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">June 30, 2009 5:27:20 PM =
ADT</font></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face=3D"Helvetica" =
size=3D"3" color=3D"#000000" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: =
#000000"><b>To: </b></font><font face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" =
style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">"'James W. Wolford'" &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:jimwolford@eastlink.ca">jimwolford@eastlink.ca</a>></font><=
/div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: =
0px; margin-left: 0px; "><font face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" =
color=3D"#000000" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica; color: =
#000000"><b>Subject: </b></font><font face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" =
style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica"><b>RE: re Hans' wildflower and other =
photos</b></font></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; min-height: 14px; "><br></div> =
<span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; =
font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; =
letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: =
auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0; "><o:smarttagtype =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" =
name=3D"country-region"><o:smarttagtype =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" =
name=3D"Street"><o:smarttagtype =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" =
name=3D"State"><o:smarttagtype =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" =
name=3D"City"><o:smarttagtype =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" =
name=3D"address"><o:smarttagtype =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" =
name=3D"PlaceType"><o:smarttagtype =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" =
name=3D"PlaceName"><o:smarttagtype =
namespaceuri=3D"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" =
name=3D"place"><div class=3D"Section1"><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: =
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" color=3D"navy" =
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; =
color: navy; ">Hi Jim. The witch=92s broom is fir broom rust, caused by =
the fungus Melampsorella caryophyllacearum. Chickweed is the alternate =
host. I added a comment on this to Hans=92 =
photo.<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: =
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" color=3D"navy" =
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; =
color: navy; "><o:p>=A0</o:p></span></font></div><div style=3D"margin-top:=
 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" =
color=3D"navy" face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
font-family: Arial; color: navy; =
">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: =
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" color=3D"navy" =
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; =
color: navy; "><o:p>=A0</o:p></span></font></div><div style=3D"margin-top:=
 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><st1:city =
w:st=3D"on"><st1:place w:st=3D"on"><font size=3D"2" color=3D"navy" =
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; =
color: navy; ">Nancy</span></font></st1:place></st1:city><font size=3D"2" =
color=3D"navy" face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
font-family: Arial; color: navy; "><o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; =
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New =
Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" color=3D"navy" face=3D"Arial"><span =
style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy; =
"><o:p>=A0</o:p></span></font></div><div><div class=3D"MsoNormal" =
align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align: center; margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: =
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times =
New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt; "><hr size=3D"2" width=3D"100%"=
 align=3D"center" tabindex=3D"-1"></span></font></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; =
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New =
Roman'; "><b><font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><span style=3D"font-size: =
10pt; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold; =
">From:</span></font></b><font size=3D"2" face=3D"Tahoma"><span =
style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma; "><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>James W. Wolford [<a =
href=3D"mailto:jimwolford@eastlink.ca">mailto:jimwolford@eastlink.ca</a>]<=
span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><br><b><span =
style=3D"font-weight: bold; ">Sent:</span></b><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>June 29, 2009 3:28 =
PM<br><b><span style=3D"font-weight: bold; ">To:</span></b><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><a =
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a>; =
Nancy Nickerson; Jim Wolford<br><b><span style=3D"font-weight: bold; =
">Subject:</span></b><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>re =
Hans' wildflower and other =
photos</span></font><o:p></o:p></div></div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" =
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt; =
"><o:p>=A0</o:p></span></font></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: =
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times =
New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt; ">In addition to everyone's =
"great pictures as usual, Hans!", I have just a few comments regarding =
Hans' photos: (a) in the ANGELICA, note that each umbel of flowers shows =
larger individual flowers at the periphery, showing a bit of division of =
labour in being modified for attraction of pollinators (think of other =
examples here, like wild carrot, some Viburnum species like hobblebush =
and highbush cranberry, and even daisies and other composites); (b) =
"DEADLY NIGHTSHADE" really should just be called "nightshade" or, =
better?, "bittersweet", since it is not really deadly, just nasty to =
eat; (c) Hans' shot of the CHOKEBERRY sp. is detailed enough to show the =
row of dark dots along the leaf midrib, an important way to distinguish =
Aronia spp. at other times of year; I agree with everyone that Hans' =
"SNAPDRAGON SPECIES" is really YELLOW RATTLE; and for the "WITCH'S =
BROOM", calling it a "parasite" needs a bit of embellishment, I think -- =
a specific RUST FUNGUS has infected this balsam fir host, and the =
fungus, which indeed is a parasite, induces the deformed growth of dense =
branches we call a witch's broom, which then forms the fungus' =
spore-producing organs on the needles of these deformed growths, and the =
spores are shed (looking like pollen) at this time of year, in mid to =
late June -- most rust fungi also have complicated life cycles that =
alternate with a totally different but specific host plant, and perhaps =
Nancy Nickerson can tell us what it is in this case? The witch's broom =
is a type of gall or deformed growth which I liken to having a benign =
cancer -- the damage to the plant is real and perhaps chronic but =
limited when compared to an uncontrolled type of =
cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" =
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt; =
"><o:p>=A0</o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" =
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt; ">Cheers from =
Jim in Wolfville<o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; =
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New =
Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D"font-size: 12pt; "><o:p>=A0</o:p></span></font></div><div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; =
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New =
Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D"font-size: 12pt; ">Begin forwarded =
message:<o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" =
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt; =
"><br><br><o:p></o:p></span></font></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><b><font size=3D"1" =
color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 9pt; =
font-family: Helvetica; color: black; font-weight: bold; ">From:<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span></font></b><font =
size=3D"1" face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 9pt; =
font-family: Helvetica; ">Hans Toom &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:Htoom@hfx.eastlink.ca" style=3D"color: blue; =
text-decoration: underline; =
">Htoom@hfx.eastlink.ca</a>></span></font><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div=
 style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; =
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New =
Roman'; "><b><font size=3D"1" color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica"><span =
style=3D"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black; =
font-weight: bold; ">Date:<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span></font></b><font =
size=3D"1" face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 9pt; =
font-family: Helvetica; ">June 29, 2009 8:00:57 AM =
ADT</span></font><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><b><font size=3D"1" =
color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 9pt; =
font-family: Helvetica; color: black; font-weight: bold; ">To:<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span></font></b><font =
size=3D"1" face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 9pt; =
font-family: Helvetica; ">"<a href=3D"mailto:Naturens@Chebucto.Ns.Ca" =
style=3D"color: blue; text-decoration: underline; =
">Naturens@Chebucto.Ns.Ca</a>" &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" style=3D"color: blue; =
text-decoration: underline; =
">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a>></span></font><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><d=
iv style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; =
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New =
Roman'; "><b><font size=3D"1" color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica"><span =
style=3D"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black; =
font-weight: bold; ">Subject:<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span></font></b><b><font =
size=3D"1" face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 9pt; =
font-family: Helvetica; font-weight: bold; ">[NatureNS] Showy Lady's =
Slipper Orchid and other =
wildflowers</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></div></div><div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; =
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New =
Roman'; "><b><font size=3D"1" color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica"><span =
style=3D"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black; =
font-weight: bold; ">Reply-To:<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span></font></b><font =
size=3D"1" face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 9pt; =
font-family: Helvetica; "><a href=3D"mailto:naturens@chebucto.ns.ca" =
style=3D"color: blue; text-decoration: underline; =
">naturens@chebucto.ns.ca</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></div></div><div =
style=3D"min-height: 14px; "><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: =
12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" face=3D"Times =
New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt; =
"><o:p>=A0</o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" =
color=3D"black" face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
font-family: Arial; color: black; "><span style=3D"orphans: 2; widows: =
2; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; ">Laura and I =
visited Smiley's<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><st1:place=
 w:st=3D"on"><st1:placename w:st=3D"on">Provincial</st1:placename><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><st1:placetype =
w:st=3D"on">Park</st1:placetype></st1:place><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span>yesterday, taking advantage of =
the small break in the weather. The conditions were cloudy bright, ideal =
for photography except in the darker closeted woods where the<span =
class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span><strong><b><font =
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-family: Arial; ">Showy Lady's Slipper =
Orchid</span></font></b></strong><span =
class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span>resides. It was a =
spectacular display, the best we've seen over the years. MNR should take =
charge of this place before it is irreparably damaged. Boardwalks with =
railings and interpretative signage would keep folks from wandering and =
tramping the ground all over the place and also afford a superb =
educational opportunity. I've always maintained that our parks should be =
managed by the Department of the Environment and not the Ministry of =
Natural Resources but I'm a just a voice from the =
wilderness.</span></span></font><font size=3D"2" color=3D"black" =
face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: =
Helvetica; color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" =
color=3D"black" face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
font-family: Arial; color: black; ">We spotted a<span =
class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span><strong><b><font =
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-family: Arial; ">Cedar =
Waxwing</span></font></b></strong><span =
class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span>nest in the park but =
couldn't tell whether the adult birds were tending young or still =
building the nest. The usual<span class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span><strong><b><font =
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-family: Arial; ">Eastern =
Phoebe's</span></font></b></strong><span =
class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span>at the bridge were not =
in sight but the crowd of picnickers at the nearby picnic bench may have =
kept them hunkered down.</span></font><font size=3D"2" color=3D"black" =
face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: =
Helvetica; color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" =
color=3D"black" face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
font-family: Arial; color: black; ">I've posted several pictures taken =
on route and some from yesterday at<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><st1:address =
w:st=3D"on"><st1:street w:st=3D"on">Sandy Cove Road</st1:street>,<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><st1:city =
w:st=3D"on">Halifax</st1:city>,<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><st1:state w:st=3D"on">Nova =
Scotia</st1:state></st1:address>. There's a<span =
class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span><strong><b><font =
face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-family: Arial; ">Snap Dragon =
species</span></font></b></strong><span =
class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span>we can't identify, =
marked as such, so if anyone knows what it is let me know so I can =
caption the photo correctly.</span></font><font size=3D"2" color=3D"black"=
 face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: =
Helvetica; color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" =
color=3D"black" face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
font-family: Arial; color: black; ">Hans</span></font><font size=3D"2" =
color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 10.5pt; =
font-family: Helvetica; color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" =
color=3D"black" face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
font-family: Arial; color: black; "><a =
href=3D"http://www.pbase.com/snahmoot/image/114409363" style=3D"color: =
blue; text-decoration: underline; =
">http://www.pbase.com/snahmoot/image/114409363</a></span></font><font =
size=3D"2" color=3D"black" face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: =
10.5pt; font-family: Helvetica; color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"2" =
color=3D"black" face=3D"Arial"><span style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
font-family: Arial; color: black; =
">_________________________________<br>Hans Toom<br>Portuguese<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><st1:place w:st=3D"on"><st1:city=
 w:st=3D"on">Cove</st1:city>,<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><st1:state w:st=3D"on">Nova =
Scotia</st1:state>,<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span><st1:country-region =
w:st=3D"on">Canada</st1:country-region></st1:place><br>Website:<span =
class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span><a =
href=3D"http://hanstoom.com" style=3D"color: blue; text-decoration: =
underline; ">http://hanstoom.com</a><span =
class=3D"apple-converted-space"><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0</span></span><br>_____________________=
____________</span></font><font size=3D"2" color=3D"black" =
face=3D"Helvetica"><span style=3D"font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: =
Helvetica; color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></font></div></div></div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; =
font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size=3D"3" =
face=3D"Times New Roman"><span style=3D"font-size: 12pt; =
"><o:p>=A0</o:p></span></font></div></div></div></o:smarttagtype></o:smart=
tagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtyp=
e></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></span></blockquote></div><br></body><=
/html>=

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